@article{godfrey2024investigation,

title = {An investigation of acute Physiological and Psychological Moderators of Psychedelic-induced Personality Change among Healthy Volunteers},

author = {Kate Godfrey and Brandon Weiss and Xinhu Zhang and Meg Spriggs and Joseph Peill and Taylor Lyons and Robin Carhart-Harris and David Erritzoe},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104092},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-02},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Neuroscience Applied},

pages = {104092},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {This study investigated the effects of a single high-dose of psilocybin on personality traits in psychedelic-naïve healthy volunteers. These data originate from a larger within-subjects fixed-order design trial, where a single high dose of psilocybin (25mg) was administered in a psychologically supportive setting and was compared against a (one-month) prior, 1mg ‘placebo’ dose. Personality shifts were assessed by the Big Five Inventory and the Big Five Aspect Scale, while the Altered States of Consciousness questionnaire (5D-ASC) and the Psychological Insight Scale gauged the acute psychological effects of the substance. Electroencephalography provided neurophysiological insights, specifically examining alpha power and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZc). Results indicated significant reductions in neuroticism one month after 25mg psilocybin administration, a finding consistent with prior studies. Reductions in neuroticism were moderated by the subjective meaningfulness of the psychedelic experience, as well as by the dread of ego dissolution subscale of the 5D-ASC, suggesting a relationship between acute drug effects and enduring personality alterations. Thus, this study substantiates the role of acute psychedelic states in catalysing lasting personality transformations in a generally beneficial direction, with broader implications for therapeutic applications and understanding of personality dynamics.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{busch2024monitoring,

title = {Monitoring Cortical and Neuromuscular Activity: Six-month Insights into Knee Joint Position Sense Following ACL Reconstruction},

author = {Aglaja Busch and Lorena RR Gianotti and Frank Mayer and Heiner Baur},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.124840},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-02},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy},

volume = {19},

number = {11},

pages = {1290},

abstract = {Background

Changes in cortical activation patterns after rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have been described. However, evidence of these consequences in the early stages following the incident and through longitudinal monitoring is scarce. Further insights could prove valuable in informing evidence-based rehabilitation practices.



Purpose

To analyze the angular accuracy, neuromuscular, and cortical activity during a knee joint position sense (JPS) test over the initial six months following ACL reconstruction. Study design: Cohort Study



Methods

Twenty participants with ACL reconstruction performed a JPS test with both limbs. The measurement time points were approximately 1.5, 3-4 and 6 months after surgery, while 20 healthy controls were examined on a single occasion. The active JPS test was performed seated with a target angle of 50° for two blocks of continuous angular reproduction (three minutes per block). The reproduced angles were recorded simultaneously by an electrogoniometer. Neuromuscular activity of the quadriceps muscles during extension to the target angle was measured with surface electromyography. Spectral power for theta, alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 frequency bands were determined from electroencephalographic recordings. Linear mixed models were performed with group (ACL or controls), the measurement time point, and respective limb as fixed effect and each grouping per subject combination as random effect with random intercept.



Results

Significantly higher beta-2 power over the frontal region of interest was observed at the first measurement time point in the non-involved limb of the ACL group in comparison to the control group (p = 0.03). Despite individual variation, no other statistically significant differences were identified for JPS error, neuromuscular, or other cortical activity.



Conclusion

Variation in cortical activity between the ACL and control group were present, which is consistent with published results in later stages of rehabilitation. Both indicate the importance of a neuromuscular and neurocognitive focus in the rehabilitation.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{gwon2024motor,

title = {Motor task-to-task transfer learning for motor imagery brain-computer interfaces},

author = {Daeun Gwon and Minkyu Ahn},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120906},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-28},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

pages = {120906},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Motor imagery (MI) is one of the popular control paradigms in the non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) field. MI-BCI generally requires users to conduct the imagination of movement (e.g., left or right hand) to collect training data for generating a classification model during the calibration phase. However, this calibration phase is generally time-consuming and tedious, as users conduct the imagination of hand movement several times without being given feedback for an extended period. This obstacle makes MI-BCI non user-friendly and hinders its use. On the other hand, motor execution (ME) and motor observation (MO) are relatively easier tasks, yield lower fatigue than MI, and share similar neural mechanisms to MI. However, few studies have integrated these three tasks into BCIs. In this study, we propose a new task-to-task transfer learning approach of 3-motor tasks (ME, MO, and MI) for building a better user-friendly MI-BCI. For this study, 28 subjects participated in 3-motor tasks experiment, and electroencephalography (EEG) was acquired. User opinions regarding the 3-motor tasks were also collected through questionnaire survey. The 3-motor tasks showed a power decrease in the alpha rhythm, known as event-related desynchronization, but with slight differences in the temporal patterns. In the classification analysis, the cross-validated accuracy (within-task) was 67.05 % for ME, 65.93 % for MI, and 73.16 % for MO on average. Consistently with the results, the subjects scored MI (3.16) as the most difficult task compared with MO (1.42) and ME (1.41), with p < 0.05. In the analysis of task-to-task transfer learning, where training and testing are performed using different task datasets, the ME–trained model yielded an accuracy of 65.93 % (MI test), which is statistically similar to the within-task accuracy (p > 0.05). The MO–trained model achieved an accuracy of 60.82 % (MI test). On the other hand, combining two datasets yielded interesting results. ME and 50 % of the MI–trained model (50-shot) classified MI with a 69.21 % accuracy, which outperformed the within-task accuracy (p < 0.05), and MO and 50 % of the MI–trained model showed an accuracy of 66.75 %. Of the low performers with a within-task accuracy of 70 % or less, 90 % (n = 21) of the subjects improved in training with ME, and 76.2 % (n = 16) improved in training with MO on the MI test at 50-shot. These results demonstrate that task-to-task transfer learning is possible and could be a promising approach to building a user-friendly training protocol in MI-BCI.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{jang2024enhancing,

title = {Enhancing Student Learning in Virtual Classrooms: Effects of Window View Content and Time of Day},

author = {Dajeong Jang and Han-Jong Kim and Kyungah Choi},

doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3476982},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-09},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Access},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {As virtual classrooms, traditional physical classroom environments are transformed into flexible virtual environments, allowing customization of environmental elements to enhance student learning. This study explored the effects of window settings in virtual classrooms on learning experiences of students. Utilizing a within-subjects design, we simulated a virtual classroom environment with seven unique window settings and varied its view content (nature vs. urban) and time of day (daytime, sunset, and night). We also simulated a windowless condition. Thirty-five university students participated in the study and performed subjective evaluations and cognitive tasks. Moreover, their physiological responses were recorded using electroencephalogram measurements. The results indicated that environments with windows increased the perception of spaciousness and promoted a state of relaxed alertness, as evidenced by increased fast alpha brainwave activity. In contrast, settings without windows or with urban views increased the sense of presence. Daytime views positively affected valence, motivation, spaciousness, and concentration, whereas nighttime views were the least preferred. No significant differences were observed in cognitive task performance across the different conditions. These findings underscore the necessity of customizing virtual learning environments to meet individual user needs. By allowing students to adjust their virtual environments, educators and space designers can create more flexible and personalized virtual-reality educational spaces, ultimately improving learning outcomes.},

keywords = {DSI-7, VR},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cha2024effect,

title = {Effect of Electroencephalography-based Motor Imagery Neurofeedback on Mu Suppression During Motor Attempt in Patients with Stroke},

author = {Seungwoo Cha and Kyoung Tae Kim and Won Kee Chang and Nam-Jong Paik and Ji Soo Choi and Hyunmi Lim and Won-Seok Kim and Jeonghun Ku},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5106561/v1},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-26},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation },

abstract = {Objective

The primary aims of this study were to explore the neurophysiological effects of motor imagery neurofeedback using electroencephalography (EEG), specifically focusing on mu suppression during serial motor attempts and assessing its potential benefits in patients with subacute stroke.



Methods

A total of 15 patients with hemiplegia following subacute ischemic stroke were prospectively enrolled in this randomized cross-over study. This study comprised two experiments: neurofeedback and sham. Each experiment included four blocks: three blocks of resting, grasp, resting, and intervention, followed by one block of resting and grasp. During the resting sessions, the participants fixated on a white cross on a black background for 2 minutes without moving their upper extremities. In the grasp sessions, the participants were instructed to grasp and release their paretic hand at a frequency of about 1 Hz for 3 minutes while fixating on the same white cross. During the intervention sessions, neurofeedback involved presenting a punching image with the affected upper limb corresponding to the mu suppression induced by imagined movement, while the sham involved mu suppression of other randomly selected participants 3 minutes. EEG data were recorded during the experiment, and data from C3/C4 and P3/P4 were used for analyses to compare the degree of mu suppression between the neurofeedback and sham conditions.



Results

Significant mu suppression was observed in the bilateral motor and parietal cortices during the neurofeedback intervention compared with the sham condition across serial sessions (p < 0.001). Following neurofeedback, the real grasping sessions showed progressive strengthening of mu suppression in the ipsilesional motor cortex and bilateral parietal cortices compared to those following sham (p < 0.05), an effect not observed in the contralesional motor cortex.



Conclusion

Motor imagery neurofeedback significantly enhances mu suppression in the ipsilesional motor and bilateral parietal cortices during motor attempts in patients with subacute stroke. These findings suggest that motor imagery neurofeedback could serve as a promising adjunctive therapy to enhance motor-related cortical activity and support motor rehabilitation in patients with stroke.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24, Neurofeedback, Stroke},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{harel2024task,

title = {Task-guided attention increases non-linearity of steady-state visually evoked potentials},

author = {Asaf Harel and Oren Shriki},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ad8032},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-26},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neural Engineering},

abstract = {Attention is a multifaceted cognitive process, with nonlinear dynamics playing a crucial role. In this study, we investigated the involvement of nonlinear processes in top-down visual attention by employing a contrast-modulated sequence of letters and numerals, encircled by a consistently flickering white square on a black background - a setup that generated steady-state visually evoked potentials. Nonlinear processes are recognized for eliciting and modulating the harmonics of constant frequencies. We examined the fundamental and harmonic frequencies of each stimulus to evaluate the underlying nonlinear dynamics during stimulus processing. In line with prior research, our findings indicate that the power spectrum density of EEG responses is influenced by both task presence and stimulus contrast. By utilizing the Rhythmic Entrainment Source Separation (RESS) technique, we discovered that actively searching for a target within a letter stream heightened the amplitude of the fundamental frequency and harmonics related to the background flickering stimulus. While the fundamental frequency amplitude remained unaffected by stimulus contrast, a lower contrast led to an increase in the second harmonic's amplitude. We assessed the relationship between the contrast response function and the nonlinear-based harmonic responses. Our findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the nonlinear processes impacting top-down visual attention while also providing insights into optimizing brain-computer interfaces.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{al2024disrupted,

title = {Disrupted brain functional connectivity as early signature in cognitively healthy individuals with pathological CSF amyloid/tau},

author = {Abdulhakim Al-Ezzi and Rebecca J Arechavala and Ryan Butler and Anne Nolty and Jimmy J Kang and Shinsuke Shimojo and Daw-An Wu and Alfred N Fonteh and Michael T Kleinman and Robert A Kloner and others},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06673-w},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-08-23},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Communications Biology},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {1037},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK London},

abstract = {Alterations in functional connectivity (FC) have been observed in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with elevated amyloid (Aβ) and tau. However, it is not yet known whether directed FC is already influenced by Aβ and tau load in cognitively healthy (CH) individuals. A 21-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was used from 46 CHs classified based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ tau ratio: pathological (CH-PAT) or normal (CH-NAT). Directed FC was estimated with Partial Directed Coherence in frontal, temporal, parietal, central, and occipital regions. We also examined the correlations between directed FC and various functional metrics, including neuropsychology, cognitive reserve, MRI volumetrics, and heart rate variability between both groups. Compared to CH-NATs, the CH-PATs showed decreased FC from the temporal regions, indicating a loss of relative functional importance of the temporal regions. In addition, frontal regions showed enhanced FC in the CH-PATs compared to CH-NATs, suggesting neural compensation for the damage caused by the pathology. Moreover, CH-PATs showed greater FC in the frontal and occipital regions than CH-NATs. Our findings provide a useful and non-invasive method for EEG-based analysis to identify alterations in brain connectivity in CHs with a pathological versus normal CSF Aβ/tau.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{chung2024design,

title = {Design development and evaluation of arm movement-assistive suits for lifting and movement for industrial workers considering wearability},

author = {Jiwon Chung and Jung Eun Yoon and Soah Park and Hyunbin Won and Suhyun Ha and Sumin Helen Koo},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103616},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-08-03},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics},

volume = {103},

pages = {103616},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Wearability of clothing is important for enhancing work efficiency and resistance among industrial workers. In this study, we developed wearable suit designs for shoulder and upper limb support when lifting objects considering the wearability of the user in the development stage. We provide basic data on the wearability of functional clothing and wearable suits, with emphasis on improving safety and work efficiency. Two distinct wearable suit designs, namely long- and short-sleeved, were developed and evaluated with a primary focus on wearer comfort. Employing a comprehensive approach encompassing textile analysis, performance assessment, brainwave investigation, and satisfaction surveys, this study provides objective insights for refining the wearability in wearable suit development. A short-sleeved design is recommended for the development of wearable suits tailored to assist industrial workers in tasks requiring muscle strength for heavy loads and repetitive motions. Our results provide foundational data on the wearability of robotic suits in a bid to enhance the safety and efficiency of industrial workers.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{he2024integration,

title = {Integration of Tai Chi and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for sleep disturbances in older adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial},

author = {Jiali He and Sunny HW Chan and Jingxia Lin and Hector WH Tsang},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2024.07.029},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-08-02},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Sleep Medicine},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Background

The arousal state has been demonstrated to be involved in the fundamental pathophysiological mechanism of sleep disturbances. Tai Chi (TC) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have been documented to alleviate sleep disturbances by interfering with different arousal components. It is reasonable to assume that combining TC and rTMS could induce synergistic and longer-lasting benefits for sleep disturbances.



Methods

Thirty-eight older community-dwelling people were randomly assigned to one of three groups: TC plus rTMS (n = 12), TC alone (n = 13), and treat-as-usual (TAU) (n = 13). The interventions were conducted three times per week for 4 weeks for the two intervention groups. The primary outcome was the insomnia severity, while the secondary outcomes were the actigraphy-assessed sleep patterns, use of hypnotic medications, mood states, and quality of life. The mediator outcomes included self-reported somatic arousal and cognitive arousal as well as electroencephalogram (EEG)-assessed cortical arousal. The assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and 3-month follow-up (T2).



Results

Significant improvements in the insomnia severity were observed in the TC plus rTMS group compared with the TAU group at T1 (Cohen’s d = 1.62, p = .003) and T2 (Cohen’s d = 1.97, p < .001). In contrast, significant improvements in the TC alone group were found only at T2 (Cohen’s d = 1.03, p = .010) when compared with the TAU group. Significant interaction effects were noted on the actigraphy-assessed sleep efficiency (p = .015) and total sleep time (p = .004), depression (p = .003) and stress scores (p = .002), and mental function in relation to quality of life (p = .042). However, none of the mediators elucidated how combining TC and rTMS could improve the insomnia severity.



Conclusion

The research findings are expected to guide further clinical practice in the management of sleep disturbances among older adults using various interventions. Future studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanism and optimize the protocol to maximize the therapeutic benefits.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{alrasheedi2024utilizing,

title = {Utilizing Dry Electrode Electroencephalography and AI Robotics for Cognitive Stress Monitoring in Video Gaming},

author = {Aseel A Alrasheedi and Alyah Z Alrabeah and Fatemah J Almuhareb and Noureyah MY Alras and Shaymaa N Alduaij and Abdullah S Karar and Sherif Said and Karim Youssef and Samer Al Kork},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/asi7040068},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-07-31},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Applied System Innovation},

volume = {7},

number = {4},

pages = {68},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {This research explores the integration of the Dry Sensor Interface-24 (DSI-24) EEG headset with a ChatGPT-enabled Furhat robot to monitor cognitive stress in video gaming environments. The DSI-24, a cutting-edge, wireless EEG device, is adept at rapidly capturing brainwave activity, making it particularly suitable for dynamic settings such as gaming. Our study leverages this technology to detect cognitive stress indicators in players by analyzing EEG data. The collected data are then interfaced with a ChatGPT-powered Furhat robot, which performs dual roles: guiding players through the data collection process and prompting breaks when elevated stress levels are detected. The core of our methodology is the real-time processing of EEG signals to determine players’ focus levels, using a mental focusing feature extracted from the EEG data. The work presented here discusses how technology, data analysis methods and their combined effects can improve player satisfaction and enhance gaming experiences. It also explores the obstacles and future possibilities of using EEG for monitoring video gaming environments.},

keywords = {Cognitive-Algorithm, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{yoon2024evaluation,

title = {Evaluation of Gait-assistive Soft Wearable Robot Designs for Wear Comfort, Focusing on Electroencephalogram and Satisfaction},

author = {Jeong Eun Yoon and Jiwon Chung and Soah Park and Hyunbin Won and Changhwan Kim and Inryeol Baek and Je-sung Koh and Sumin Helen Koo},

doi = {10.1109/LRA.2024.3433834},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-07-25},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {Wearable robots should be comfortable; however, there is lack of research on wear comfort for wearable robots has been conducted. This study aimed to evaluate the comfort of wearable soft robot platforms designed for walking assistance. We proposed clothing-based wearable robot platforms that prioritized wearer comfort to contribute to the advancement of a more human-centered wearable robot. Two designs, Design 1 (pant-type) and Design 2 (suit-type), were used to analyze the comfort of wearing the developed wearable robot platforms for gait assistance, using electroencephalogram (EEG) measurements and post-wear satisfaction evaluation. Design 2 revealed more comfort data than Design 1 when walking; thus, enhancing people's satisfaction. The findings can contribute to the development of comfortable soft wearable robots, thereby enabling people to walk without difficulty in their daily lives.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{moon2024investigating,

title = {Investigating the Effect of Emotional Matching between Game and Background Music on Game Experience in a Valence–Arousal Space},

author = {JaeYoung Moon and EunHye Cho and Yeabon Jo and KyungJoong Kim and Eunsung Song},

doi = {10.1109/TG.2024.3424459},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-07-08},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Games},

pages = {1-20},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {Game music critically influences the experience of a video game. Although this influence has been well investigated, the multifaceted relationships between video games and the emotions evoked by music are rarely reported. By considering diverse emotional matches of game and music, game designers could enhance various aspects of the game experience. The present study investigates players' game experiences by analyzing the electroencephalogram data, game experience questionnaire answers, and interview responses of 31 experimental participants corresponding to game–music emotional matching based on the valence–arousal model. Finally, four findings were identified based on four types of game experiences: overall preference, emotion, immersion, and performance. These findings led to four game music design approaches.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{lee2024effects,

title = {Effects of Natural Herbal Extracts on Electrical Brain Activity and Autonomic Nervous System},

author = {Eun Kyoung Lee and Jin Oh Park and Hae-Kwang Lee and Jin Hee Shin},

url = {https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202421543238245.page},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-30},

urldate = {2024-08-18},

journal = {Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea},

volume = {50},

number = {2},

pages = {163–170},

publisher = {Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea},

abstract = {In the literature, inhalation of cosmetic fragrances, including natural extracts or natural essential oils, has been reported to induce brainwave changes. Angelica gigas (AG) and Cnidium officinale (CO) are widely used in East Asian countries as traditional medicines to improve health, but there have been no previous reports of inhaling their aromas and assessing changes in brain activity through electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. In this study, the scent of natural herbal extracts such as Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Compositae), AG, and CO was inhaled and evaluated whether emotional state changes were caused by olfactory stimuli, and brain activity was confirmed through EEG records before and after inhaling the scent of natural herbal extracts in subjects aged 20 to 30. We also used an electrocardiogram (ECG) to record the electrical activity of the heart during fragrance administration. The test results indicated that inhaling the scents of Compositae, AG, and CO extracts, as well as the positive control lavender, significantly increased the relative alpha power and the alpha/beta ratio of brain waves across the brain regions. The ECG recordings indicated that the inhalation of Compositae fragrance significantly decreased the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, and that the inhalation of traditional herbal extract fragrances resulted in comfort and relaxation.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cheng2024effects,

title = {Effects of 6-Month Combined Physical Exercise and Cognitive Training on Neuropsychological and Neurophysiological Function in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Controlled Trial},

author = {Chia-Hsiung Cheng and Yu-Wei Hsieh and Chiung-Chih Chang and Fu-Jung Hsiao and Li-Fen Chen and Pei-Ning Wang},

doi = {10.3233/JAD-231257},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-04},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's Disease},

number = {Preprint},

pages = {1–18},

publisher = {IOS Press},

abstract = {Background: Multidomain intervention may delay or ameliorate cognitive decline in older adults at risk of Alzheimer's disease, particularly in the memory and inhibitory functions. However, no study systematically investigates the changes of brain function in cognitively-normal elderly with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) when they receive multidomain intervention.



Objective: We aimed to examine whether a multidomain intervention could improve neuropsychological function and neurophysiological activities related to memory and inhibitory function in SCD subjects.



Methods: Eight clusters with a total of 50 community-dwelling SCD older adults were single-blind, randomized into intervention group, which received physical and cognitive training, or control group, which received treatment as usual. For the neuropsychological function, a composite Z score from six cognitive tests was calculated and compared between two groups. For the neurophysiological activities, event-related potentials (ERPs) of memory function, including mismatch negativity (MMN) and memory-P3, as well as ERPs of inhibitory function, including sensory gating (SG) and inhibition-P3, were measured. Assessments were performed at baseline (T1), end of the intervention (T2), and 6 months after T2 (T3).



Results: For the neuropsychological function, the effect was not observed after the intervention. For the neurophysiological activities, improved MMN responses of ΔT2-T1 were observed in the intervention group versus the control group. The multidomain intervention produced a sustained effect on memory-P3 latencies of ΔT3-T1. However, there were no significant differences in changes of SG and inhibition-P3 between intervention and control groups.



Conclusions: While not impactful on neuropsychological function, multidomain intervention enhances specific neurophysiological activities associated with memory function.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kim2024exploring,

title = {Exploring the Influence of Subjective Thermal Perception on Electroencephalogram Characteristics Based on Prior Thermal Experience},

author = {Sanghee Kim and Jihye Ryu and Yujeong Lee and Kweonhyoung Lee},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111719},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-04},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

pages = {111719},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Achieving thermal comfort for occupants in a dynamic environment that reflects their previous thermal experiences is essential for enhancing satisfaction. Current models do not fully consider these dynamic elements, thus limiting advancements in occupants' thermal comfort. This study aims to delineate the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) responses aligned with subjective thermal perception in various thermal environment scenarios, inclusive of past thermal experiences. It focuses on identifying EEG indices, brain regions, and temporal markers that can distinguish between different thermal perceptions. The study involves sixteen male participants who undergo three thermal experience scenarios: predicted mean vote (PMV) 0 → PMV +2, PMV +2 → PMV –2, and PMV -2 → PMV +2. Our results highlight the sensitivity of the F3 channel in the left frontal lobe to thermal environments. The study identifies a pivotal time frame of 6 min after the experiment's start as significant for differentiating thermal perception groups. Additionally, it reveals that the EEG indices reacting to thermal changes vary depending on the participants' previous thermal experiences. These findings indicate that physiological signals, particularly EEG responses, can serve as effective biomarkers for distinguishing thermal perceptions in diverse thermal experience scenarios. This research emphasizes the need to integrate a variety of thermal environment scenarios, considering previous thermal experiences, into personal comfort models for more effective and tailored thermal comfort solutions.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{jeong2024attentional,

title = {Attentional state-synchronous peripheral electrical stimulation during action observation induced distinct modulation of corticospinal plasticity after stroke},

author = {Chang Hyeon Jeong and Hyunmi Lim and Jiye Lee and Hye Sun Lee and Jeonghun Ku and Youn Joo Kang},

doi = {10.3389/fnins.2024.1373589},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-03-18},

urldate = {2024-03-18},

journal = {Frontiers in Neuroscience},

volume = {18},

pages = {1373589},

publisher = {Frontiers},

abstract = {Introduction: Brain computer interface-based action observation (BCI-AO) is a promising technique in detecting the user's cortical state of visual attention and providing feedback to assist rehabilitation. Peripheral nerve electrical stimulation (PES) is a conventional method used to enhance outcomes in upper extremity function by increasing activation in the motor cortex. In this study, we examined the effects of different pairings of peripheral nerve electrical stimulation (PES) during BCI-AO tasks and their impact on corticospinal plasticity. Materials and methods: Our innovative BCI-AO interventions decoded user's attentive watching during task completion. This process involved providing rewarding visual cues while simultaneously activating afferent pathways through PES. Fifteen stroke patients were included in the analysis. All patients underwent a 15 min BCI-AO program under four different experimental conditions: BCI-AO without PES, BCI-AO with continuous PES, BCI-AO with triggered PES, and BCI-AO with reverse PES application. PES was applied at the ulnar nerve of the wrist at an intensity equivalent to 120% of the sensory threshold and a frequency of 50 Hz. The experiment was conducted randomly at least 3 days apart. To assess corticospinal and peripheral nerve excitability, we compared pre and post-task (post 0, post 20 min) parameters of motor evoked potential and F waves under the four conditions in the muscle of the affected hand.The findings indicated that corticospinal excitability in the affected hemisphere was higher when PES was synchronously applied with AO training, using BCI during a state of attentive watching. In contrast, there was no effect on corticospinal activation when PES was applied continuously or in the reverse manner. This paradigm promoted corticospinal plasticity for up to 20 min after task completion. Importantly, the effect was more evident in patients over 65 years of age.The results showed that task-driven corticospinal plasticity was higher when PES was applied synchronously with a highly attentive brain state during the action observation task, compared to continuous or asynchronous application. This study provides insight into how optimized BCI technologies dependent on brain state used in conjunction with other rehabilitation training could enhance treatment-induced neural plasticity.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24, Neuromodulation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{li2024improving,

title = {Improving informational-attentional masking of water sound on traffic noise by spatial variation settings: An in situ study with brain activity measurements},

author = {Jian Li and Massimiliano Masullo and Luigi Maffei and Aniello Pascale and Chi-kwan Chau and Minqi Lin},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.109904},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-09},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Applied Acoustics},

volume = {218},

pages = {109904},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {According with soundscape strategies to improve the perception of the sound environment, laboratory studies have proven that introducing water sounds into urban spaces can be both an effective strategy for the informational-attentional masking of road traffic noise, and restorativeness creation. To extend previous laboratory findings and test the effectiveness and applicability of different spatial variations of water sounds in urban parks, a sound installation was prepared, and an experiment was conducted. Three different position-varied water-sound sequences were augmented into an existing University campus green park through surround sound design method with four Bluetooth loudspeakers. The mental effects and attention process were assessed by analyzing the EEG signals including aperiodic, oscillatory components and sensor-level functional connectivity, along with psychological scales. The water sounds played in-situ, brought more visual processing related to spatial attention and stimulus-driven salience. And the changes in the alpha band and the related theta/alpha ratio among four conditions showed more relaxation state induced by the introduction of water sounds, consistent with the positive effects on emotion saliency and perceived restorativeness. Moreover, different spatial variations of water sounds, especially for the two-position switching setting, modulated the activity of the attentional network related to the restoration process via the alpha-theta synchronization.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kim2024methods,

title = {Methods for Selecting Design Alternatives through Integrated Analysis of Energy Performance of Buildings and the Physiological Responses of Occupants},

author = {Sanghee Kim and Jihye Ryu and Yujeong Lee and Hyejin Park and Kweonhyoung Lee},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010237},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-15},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Buildings},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

pages = {237},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {We propose a technique that allows designers to develop energy-efficient buildings focused on occupants from the early design stage. The technique integrates the physiological responses of occupants and the energy performance of buildings. Among the architectural design elements, we considered the aspect ratio, ceiling height, and window-to-wall ratio as design variables and created 30 design alternatives for a single-occupancy room in a postpartum care center. These design alternatives were recreated in virtual reality, allowing 33 female participants to immerse themselves in the designed rooms. During the experiment, we collected electroencephalography (EEG) data from the participants. Furthermore, we used DesignBuilder to simulate 30 design alternatives and calculated the primary energy consumption per unit area for each alternative. By integrating the EEG data and energy performance analysis, we identified the design alternative among the 30 options that positively influenced the physiological responses of occupants while also being energy efficient. The selected alternative was designed with an aspect ratio of 1:1.6, a ceiling height of 2.3 m, and a window-to-wall ratio of 60%. This research represents a creative exploration that demonstrates how studies combining human physiological responses and architecture can evolve through integration with other subjects. Our findings provide a robust framework to explore the relationship between physiological responses and energy optimization for detailed architectural design elements.

},

keywords = {DSI-24, VR},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{klee2024effect,

title = {The Effect of Jittered Stimulus Onset Interval on Electrophysiological Markers of Attention in a Brain–Computer Interface Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Paradigm},

author = {Daniel Klee and Tab Memmott and Barry Oken},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/signals5010002},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-09},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Signals},

volume = {5},

number = {1},

pages = {18–39},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Brain responses to discrete stimuli are modulated when multiple stimuli are presented in sequence. These alterations are especially pronounced when the time course of an evoked response overlaps with responses to subsequent stimuli, such as in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm used to control a brain–computer interface (BCI). The present study explored whether the measurement or classification of select brain responses during RSVP would improve through application of an established technique for dealing with overlapping stimulus presentations, known as irregular or “jittered” stimulus onset interval (SOI). EEG data were collected from 24 healthy adult participants across multiple rounds of RSVP calibration and copy phrase tasks with varying degrees of SOI jitter. Analyses measured three separate brain signals sensitive to attention: N200, P300, and occipitoparietal alpha attenuation. Presentation jitter visibly reduced intrusion of the SSVEP, but in general, it did not positively or negatively affect attention effects, classification, or system performance. Though it remains unclear whether stimulus overlap is detrimental to BCI performance overall, the present study demonstrates that single-trial classification approaches may be resilient to rhythmic intrusions like SSVEP that appear in the averaged EEG.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-VR300},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{park2023viewer,

title = {Viewer Emotional Response to Webtoon-Based Drama: An EEG Analysis},

author = {Jaeyoung Park and Soyoung Wang and Seungji Lee and Seungbeom Seo and Nayoung Lee and Seongcheol Kim},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2285647},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-29},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction},

pages = {1–15},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

abstract = {Amidst entertainment market uncertainties, cross-medium content extension has emerged as a powerful strategy. Webtoons, digital cartoons, stand out as significant resources. However, limited research has delved into effective strategies for extending these narratives. Acknowledging the crucial role of evoking viewer emotions in content success, this study investigates viewer emotional responses. Departing from conventional methods, we employ neuroscientific measurement—specifically, electroencephalography (EEG)—to capture real-time viewer emotions during content consumption, assessing valence and arousal. We examine the impact of webtoon-drama similarity on viewer emotions and scene attributes that heighten emotional responses. By integrating EEG data, interview insights, and scene analysis, our findings underscore intensified emotions when drama scenes mirror webtoon elements, particularly in sets and directing. Effective replication relies on drama-specific attributes such as choreography, original soundtracks, and casting. This study contributes academically by using EEG to evaluate webtoons’ value as original sources and practically by offering concrete webtoon extension strategy.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{10328701,

title = {Emotion Recognition from Few-Channel EEG Signals by Integrating Deep Feature Aggregation and Transfer Learning},

author = {F. Liu and P. Yang and Y. Shu and N. Liu and J. Sheng and J. Luo and X. Wang and Y. Liu},

doi = {10.1109/TAFFC.2023.3336531},

issn = {1949-3045},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-01},

urldate = {2023-11-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing},

number = {01},

pages = {1-17},

publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},

address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},

abstract = {Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have been widely studied in human emotion recognition. The majority of existing EEG emotion recognition algorithms utilize dozens or hundreds of electrodes covering the whole scalp region (denoted as full-channel EEG devices in this paper). Nowadays, more and more portable and miniature EEG devices with only a few electrodes (denoted as few-channel EEG devices in this paper) are emerging. However, emotion recognition from few-channel EEG data is challenging because the device can only capture EEG signals from a portion of the brain area. Moreover, existing full-channel algorithms cannot be directly adapted to few-channel EEG signals due to the significant inter-variation between full-channel and few-channel EEG devices. To address these challenges, we propose a novel few-channel EEG emotion recognition framework from the perspective of knowledge transfer. We leverage full-channel EEG signals to provide supplementary information for few-channel signals via a transfer learning-based model CD-EmotionNet, which consists of a base emotion model for efficient emotional feature extraction and a cross-device transfer learning strategy. This strategy helps to enhance emotion recognition performance on few-channel EEG data by utilizing knowledge learned from full-channel EEG data. To evaluate our cross-device EEG emotion transfer learning framework, we construct an emotion dataset containing paired 18-channel and 5-channel EEG signals from 25 subjects, as well as 5-channel EEG signals from 13 other subjects. Extensive experiments show that our framework outperforms state-of-the-art EEG emotion recognition methods by a large margin.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{chan2023effects,

title = {Effects of multisession cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation with cognitive training on sociocognitive functioning and brain dynamics in ASD: A double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized EEG study},

author = {Melody MY Chan and Coco XT Choi and Tom CW Tsoi and Caroline KS Shea and Klaire WK Yiu and Yvonne MY Han},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2023.10.012},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-31},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Brain Stimulation},

volume = {16},

issue = {8},

pages = {P1604-1616},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Background

Few treatment options are available for targeting core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The development of treatments that target common neural circuit dysfunctions caused by known genetic defects, namely, disruption of the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, is promising. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is capable of modulating the E/I balance in healthy individuals, yet its clinical and neurobiological effects in ASD remain elusive.



Objective

This double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial investigated the effects of multisession cathodal prefrontal tDCS coupled with online cognitive remediation on social functioning, information processing efficiency and the E/I balance in ASD patients aged 14–21 years.



Methods

Sixty individuals were randomly assigned to receive either active or sham tDCS (10 sessions in total, 20 min/session, stimulation intensity: 1.5 mA, cathode: F3, anode: Fp2, size of electrodes: 25 cm2) combined with 20 min of online cognitive remediation. Social functioning, information processing efficiency during cognitive tasks, and theta- and gamma-band E/I balance were measured one day before and after the treatment.



Results

Compared to sham tDCS, active cathodal tDCS was effective in enhancing overall social functioning [F(1, 58) = 6.79, p = .012, ηp2 = 0.105, 90% CI: (0.013, 0.234)] and information processing efficiency during cognitive tasks [F(1, 58) = 10.07, p = .002, ηp2 = 0.148, 90% CI: (0.034, 0.284)] in these individuals. Electroencephalography data showed that this cathodal tDCS protocol was effective in reducing the theta-band E/I ratio of the cortical midline structures [F(1, 58) = 4.65, p = .035, ηp2 = 0.074, 90% CI: (0.010, 0.150)] and that this reduction significantly predicted information processing efficiency enhancement (b = −2.546, 95% BCa CI: [-4.979, −0.113], p = .041).



Conclusion

Our results support the use of multisession cathodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex combined with online cognitive remediation for reducing the elevated theta-band E/I ratio in sociocognitive information processing circuits in ASD patients, resulting in more adaptive regulation of global brain dynamics that is associated with enhanced information processing efficiency after the intervention.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24, Neuromodulation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kamti2023eeg,

title = {Eeg-based mental states assessment of three-wheeler drivers in different environments and traffic conditions},

author = {Mukesh Kumar Kamti and Rauf Iqbal and Pallabjyoti Kakoti},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2023.10.011},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-19},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour},

volume = {99},

pages = {98–112},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Driving in diverse and challenging conditions, including inclement weather, poses potential risks to road safety. While previous studies have primarily focused on examining driver behavior and reactions in different weather and road conditions, there is a lack of research on assessing drivers' mental states during such situations, particularly considering the influence of factors such as road complexity, traffic, demographics, and adverse environmental conditions. This paper aims to address this research gap by evaluating the mental states of drivers across different age groups and driving experience levels through simulated driving scenarios encompassing various environments and traffic conditions. A three-wheeler driving simulator was employed, along with the DSI 7 EEG headset and Q states software, to classify and analyze the drivers' mental states. The findings of this study highlight that young novice drivers exhibit higher fluctuations in mental state compared to their mid and high-experienced counterparts. Furthermore, mid-age drivers face an elevated risk of collision due to frequent changes in mental state and attention. Additionally, it was observed that highly skilled drivers display a transition in attention level and mental state between sessions, shifting from a focused to a relaxed state—an aspect absent in inexperienced drivers. These findings enhance our comprehension of the intricate interaction among drivers' emotional states, age, experience, and driving abilities, consequently opening avenues for tailored interventions and training initiatives focused on improving road safety.},

keywords = {Cognitive-Algorithm, DSI-7},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{chiossi2023adapting,

title = {Adapting Visual Complexity Based on Electrodermal Activity Improves Working Memory Performance in Virtual Reality},

author = {Francesco Chiossi and Yagiz Turgut and Robin Welsch and Sven Mayer},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francesco-Chiossi/publication/371539688_Adapting_Visual_Complexity_Based_on_Electrodermal_Activity_Improves_Working_Memory_Performance_in_Virtual_Reality/links/648983619bc5e436682f0b97/Adapting-Visual-Complexity-Based-on-Electrodermal-Activity-Improves-Working-Memory-Performance-in-Virtual-Reality.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-09-02},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact},

volume = {7},

abstract = {Biocybernetic loops encompass users’ state detection and system adaptation based on physiological signals. Current adaptive systems limit the adaptation to task features such as task difficulty or multitasking demands. However, virtual reality allows the manipulation of task-irrelevant elements in the environment. We present a physiologically adaptive system that adjusts the virtual environment based on physiological arousal, i.e., electrodermal activity. We conducted a user study with our adaptive system in social virtual reality to verify improved performance. Here, participants completed an n back task, and we adapted the visual complexity of the environment by changing the number of non-player characters. Our results show that an adaptive virtual reality can control users’ comfort, performance, and workload by adapting the visual complexity based on physiological arousal. Thus, our physiologically adaptive system improves task performance and perceived workload. Finally, we embed our findings in physiological computing and discuss applications in various scenarios},

keywords = {DSI-VR300, VR},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{georgiadis2023neuma,

title = {NeuMa-the absolute Neuromarketing dataset en route to an holistic understanding of consumer behaviour},

author = {Kostas Georgiadis and Fotis P Kalaganis and Kyriakos Riskos and Eleftheria Matta and Vangelis P Oikonomou and Ioanna Yfantidou and Dimitris Chantziaras and Kyriakos Pantouvakis and Spiros Nikolopoulos and Nikos A Laskaris and others},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02392-9},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-03},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Scientific Data},

volume = {10},

number = {1},

pages = {508},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK London},

abstract = {Neuromarketing is a continuously evolving field that utilises neuroimaging technologies to explore consumers’ behavioural responses to specific marketing-related stimulation, and furthermore introduces novel marketing tools that could complement the traditional ones like questionnaires. In this context, the present paper introduces a multimodal Neuromarketing dataset that encompasses the data from 42 individuals who participated in an advertising brochure-browsing scenario. In more detail, participants were exposed to a series of supermarket brochures (containing various products) and instructed to select the products they intended to buy. The data collected for each individual executing this protocol included: (i) encephalographic (EEG) recordings, (ii) eye tracking (ET) recordings, (iii) questionnaire responses (demographic, profiling and product related questions), and (iv) computer mouse data. NeuMa dataset has both dynamic and multimodal nature and, due to the narrow availability of open relevant datasets, provides new and unique opportunities for researchers in the field to attempt a more holistic approach to neuromarketing.},

keywords = {DSI-24, Neuromarketing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{riek2023feedback,

title = {Feedback Related Negativity Amplitude is Greatest Following Deceptive Feedback in Autistic Adolescents},

author = {Nathan T Riek and Busra T Susam and Caitlin M Hudac and Caitlin M Conner and Murat Akcakaya and Jane Yun and Susan W White and Carla A Mazefsky and Philip A Gable},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-023-06038-y},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders},

pages = {1–11},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The purpose of this study is to investigate if feedback related negativity (FRN) can capture instantaneous elevated emotional reactivity in autistic adolescents. A measurement of elevated reactivity could allow clinicians to better support autistic individuals without the need for self-reporting or verbal conveyance. The study investigated reactivity in 46 autistic adolescents (ages 12–21 years) completing the Affective Posner Task which utilizes deceptive feedback to elicit distress presented as frustration. The FRN event-related potential (ERP) served as an instantaneous quantitative neural measurement of emotional reactivity. We compared deceptive and distressing feedback to both truthful but distressing feedback and truthful and non-distressing feedback using the FRN, response times in the successive trial, and Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) reactivity scores. Results revealed that FRN values were most negative to deceptive feedback as compared to truthful non-distressing feedback. Furthermore, distressing feedback led to faster response times in the successive trial on average. Lastly, participants with higher EDI reactivity scores had more negative FRN values for non-distressing truthful feedback compared to participants with lower reactivity scores. The FRN amplitude showed changes based on both frustration and reactivity. The findings of this investigation support using the FRN to better understand emotion regulation processes for autistic adolescents in future work. Furthermore, the change in FRN based on reactivity suggests the possible need to subgroup autistic adolescents based on reactivity and adjust interventions accordingly.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{swerdloffevaluating,

title = {Evaluating the partial contribution of the P3 event-related potential elicited by auditory oddball stimuli during the Stroop task},

author = {Margaret M Swerdloff and Levi J Hargrove},

url = {https://arinex.com.au/EMBC/pdf/full-paper_1084.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-01},

abstract = {The cognitive load of a precisely timed task, such as the Stroop task, may be measured through the use of eventrelated potentials (ERPs). To determine the time at which cognitive load is at its peak, oddball tones may be applied at various times surrounding a cognitive task. However, we need to determine whether the simultaneous presentation of auditory and visual stimuli would mask a potential change in P3 in an ERP-producing task. If the contribution of the Stroop stimulus is too large, then Stroop ERP with oddball stimuli occurring at different timepoints may not be directly comparable across the various timepoints due to the contribution of the Stroop ERP. The aim of this study was to measure the magnitude of the difference wave between that of simultaneously presented stimuli and that of linearly added stimuli of separate responses. Participants were fitted with a dry-sensor EEG cap and were presented with a series of Stroop and auditory stimuli. For some Stroop stimuli, auditory stimuli occurred simultaneously or in a close time proximity to the Stroop stimuli. We sought to estimate the linear contribution of the ERP from Stroop and oddball stimuli. We found that the magnitude of the difference waves were 3.07 ± 1.65 µV and 2.82 ± 1.34 µV for congruent and incongruent stimuli, respectively. As the average amplitude in the P3 region for both the congruent and incongruent difference waves was lower than the magnitude of the auditory oddball presented simultaneously with Stroop stimuli (12.13 ± 1.00 µV for congruent and 11.78 ± 1.05 µV for incongruent Stroop), we expect that the contribution of P3 auditory oddball would not mask a potential Stroop effect even if the timing of the auditory oddball stimuli were experimentally manipulated, a direction that we hope to explore in future work. In conclusion, we determine this paradigm is suitable for measuring cognitive load in precisely timed tasks.},

keywords = {DSI-7},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kim2023characteristic,

title = {Characteristic Behaviors of Elementary Students in a Low Attention State During Online Learning Identified Using Electroencephalography},

author = {Suhye Kim and Jung-Hwan Kim and Wooseok Hyung and Suhkyung Shin and Myoung Jin Choi and Dong Hwan Kim and Chang-Hwan Im},

doi = {10.1109/TLT.2023.3289498},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-29},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {With the widespread application of online education platforms, the necessity for identifying learner's mental states from webcam videos is increasing as it can be potentially applied to artificial intelligence-based automatic identification of learner's states. However, the behaviors that elementary school students frequently exhibit during online learning particularly when they are in a low attention state have rarely been investigated. This study employed electroencephalography (EEG) to continuously track changes in the learner's attention state during online learning. A new EEG index reflecting elementary students' attention level was developed using an EEG dataset acquired from 30 fourth graders during a computerized d2 test of attention. Characteristic behaviors of 24 elementary students in a low attention state were then identified from the webcam videos showing their upper bodies captured during 40-minute online lectures, with the proposed EEG index being used as a reference to determine their attention level at the time. Various characteristic behaviors were identified regarding participant's mouth, head, arms, and torso. For example, opening mouth or leaning back was observed more frequently in a low attention state than in a high attention state. It is expected that the characteristic behaviors reflecting learner's low attention state would be utilized as a useful reference in developing more interactive and effective online education systems.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cho2023eeg,

title = {An EEG Study on the Interior Environmental Design Elements in Promoting Healing},

author = {Ji Young Cho and Ze-Yu Wang and Yi-Kyung Hong},

url = {https://journal.khousing.or.kr/articles/xml/XeZw/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.6107/JKHA.2023.34.3.067},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-25},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Korean Housing Association},

volume = {34},

number = {3},

pages = {067–079},

publisher = {The Korean Housing Association},

abstract = {This study aimed to identify the attributes of environmental design elements that promote healing. Eighteen college students participated in an EEG study, and their Ratio of Alpha to Beta (RAB) was examined in relation to eight interior design stimuli consisting of different conditions of illuminance (high/low), color (green/white), and biophilia ( natural/artificial). The EEGs of the 19 channels were measured using a dry-type EEG device (DSI-24). Participants also completed a survey questionnaire, choosing the best stimuli for healing environments and for wanting to stay. The EEG data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test to identify statistical differences in responses to different stimuli. The main results were as follows: (1) RAB was most frequently observed in the left temporal and parietal lobes; (2) when comparing pre- and post-stimulation, significant differences were observed between background EEG and six stimuli (S1, S3, S5, S6, S7, and S8); (3) RAB tended to be high with low illuminance, white walls, and artificial biophilia; and (4) the psychological and EEG responses did not match; stimuli with high illuminance and natural biophilia were selected the most for healing and wanting to stay environments. The results indicate the necessity for studying environmental responses via both physiological and psychological aspects as they compensate for each other. and artificial biophilia; and (4) the psychological and EEG responses did not match; stimuli with high illuminance and natural biophilia were selected the most for healing and wanting to stay environments. The results indicate the necessity for studying environmental responses via both physiological and psychological aspects as they compensate for each other. and artificial biophilia; and (4) the psychological and EEG responses did not match; stimuli with high illuminance and natural biophilia were selected the most for healing and wanting to stay environments. The results indicate the necessity for studying environmental responses via both physiological and psychological aspects as they compensate for each other.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{fan2023phonemic,

title = {Phonemic mismatch negativity mediates the association between phoneme awareness and character reading ability in young Chinese children},

author = {Tengwen Fan and Liming Zhang and Jianyi Liu and Yanbin Niu and Tian Hong and Wenfang Zhang and Hua Shu and Jingjing Zhao},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108624},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-15},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Neuropsychologia},

pages = {108624},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Poor phonological awareness is associated with greater risk for reading disability. The underlying neural mechanism of such association may lie in the brain processing of phonological information. Lower amplitude of auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) has been associated with poor phonological awareness and with the presence of reading disability. The current study recorded auditory MMN to phoneme and lexical tone contrast with odd-ball paradigm and examined whether auditory MMN mediated the associations between phonological awareness and character reading ability through a three-year longitudinal study in 78 native Mandarin-speaking kindergarten children. Hierarchical linear regression and mediation analysis showed that the effect of phoneme awareness on the character reading ability was mediated by the phonemic MMN in young Chinese children. Findings underscore the key role of phonemic MMN for the underlying neurodevelopmental mechanism linking phoneme awareness and reading ability.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{yu2023people,

title = {People see what they want to see: an EEG study},

author = {Heeseung Yu and Eunkyoung Han},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11571-023-09982-8},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-13},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Cognitive Neurodynamics},

pages = {1–15},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {This study explored selective exposure and confirmation bias in the choices participants made about which political videos to watch, and whether their political positions changed after they watched videos that either agreed with or opposed their positions on two controversial issues in South Korea: North Korea policy and social welfare policy. The participants completed questionnaires before and after they watched the videos, were asked to select thumbnails of videos before they watched any, and had their brain wave activity measured through electroencephalogram (EEG) as they watched both types of videos. The participants demonstrated selective exposure as they primarily selected video thumbnails with content that matched their political orientations, and they demonstrated confirmation bias as their questionnaire responses after they watched the videos indicated that their positions had hardened. There were also statistically significant differences in alpha, beta, sensory motor rhythm, low beta, mid beta, and fast alpha activity depending on the political orientation consistency between the participants and the videos. Future studies could expand this line of research beyond college students and beyond Asia, and longitudinal work could also be conducted to determine if the obtained patterns remain constant over time.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{demarest2023novel,

title = {A Novel Theta-Controlled Vibrotactile Brain-Computer Interface To Treat Chronic Pain: A Pilot Study},

author = {Phillip Demarest and Nabi Rustamov and James Swift and Tao Xie and Markus Adamek and Hohyun Cho and Elizabeth Wilson and Zhuangyu Han and Alexander Belsten and Nicholas Luczak and others},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2973437/v1},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-01},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

abstract = {Limitations in chronic pain therapies necessitate novel interventions that are effective, accessible, and safe. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a promising modality for targeting neuropathology underlying chronic pain by converting recorded neural activity into perceivable outputs. Recent evidence suggests that increased frontal theta power (4–7 Hz) reflects pain relief from chronic and acute pain. Further studies have suggested that vibrotactile stimulation decreases pain intensity in experimental and clinical models. This longitudinal, non-randomized, open-label pilot study's objective was to reinforce frontal theta activity in six patients with chronic upper extremity pain using a novel vibrotactile neurofeedback BCI system. Patients increased their BCI performance, reflecting thought-driven control of neurofeedback, and showed a significant decrease in pain severity and pain interference scores without any adverse events. Pain relief significantly correlated with frontal theta modulation. These findings highlight the potential of BCI-mediated cortico-sensory coupling of frontal theta with vibrotactile stimulation for alleviating chronic pain.



},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24, Neurofeedback},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{maffei2023sens,

title = {Sens i-Lab: a key facility to expand the traditional approaches in experimental acoustics},

author = {Luigi Maffei and Massimiliano Masullo},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3397/NC_2023_0019},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-25},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

booktitle = {INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings},

journal = {Institute of Noise Control Engineering},

volume = {266},

number = {2},

pages = {134–140},

organization = {Institute of Noise Control Engineering},

abstract = {Recent advances in developing new tools and miniaturised devices to measure, analyse, model and simulate existing or future projects are more and more influencing the way to investigate and solve problems of various disciplines fostering deep changes in the research paradigms toward human-centred, multisensory and multidisciplinary approaches. In acoustics, beyond the negative effect of noise on individuals and its mitigation, researchers are even more interested in investigating how the complexity of the multisensory environment modulates the individuals' holistic experience. To this aim, the Department of the Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" has built the Sens i-Lab, a key facility integrating, in a single test room, the simulation and control of the physical environment (acoustics, vision, lighting, microclimate, IAQ) with advanced systems for simulation of virtual environments. To complement the simulation and control of the stimuli, the Sens i-Lab is equipped with a set of systems and devices for motion tracking, for the measurement of the biofeedback signals (EEG, EDA, HRV, VAF) and their association with environmental stimuli and self-reported psychological measures of people well-being. Taking advantage of the Sens i-Lab setting, new research fields and applications in acoustics are possible. Some of them are presented.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{chiossi2023exploring,

title = {Exploring Physiological Correlates of Visual Complexity Adaptation: Insights from EDA, ECG, and EEG Data for Adaptation Evaluation in VR Adaptive Systems},

author = {Francesco Chiossi and Changkun Ou and Sven Mayer},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francesco-Chiossi/publication/369033584_Exploring_Physiological_Correlates_of_Visual_Complexity_Adaptation_Insights_from_EDA_ECG_and_EEG_Data_for_Adaptation_Evaluation_in_VR_Adaptive_Systems/links/64064d5d0cf1030a567a05fb/Exploring-Physiological-Correlates-of-Visual-Complexity-Adaptation-Insights-from-EDA-ECG-and-EEG-Data-for-Adaptation-Evaluation-in-VR-Adaptive-Systems.pdf},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-23},

urldate = {2023-04-23},

abstract = {Physiologically-adaptive Virtual Reality can drive interactions and adjust virtual content to better fit users’ needs and support specific goals. However, the complexity of psychophysiological inference hinders efficient adaptation as the relationship between cognitive and physiological features rarely show one-to-one correspondence. Therefore, it is necessary to employ multimodal approaches to evaluate the effect of adaptations. In this work, we analyzed a multimodal dataset (EEG, ECG, and EDA) acquired during interaction with a VR-adaptive system that employed EDA as input for adaptation of secondary task difficulty. We evaluated the effect of dynamic adjustments on different physiological features and their correlation. Our results show that when the adaptive system increased the secondary task difficulty, theta, beta, and phasic EDA features increased. Moreover, we found a high correlation between theta, alpha, and beta oscillations during difficulty adjustments. Our results show how specific EEG and EDA features can be employed for evaluating VR adaptive systems.

},

keywords = {DSI-7, Multimodal, VR},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{lim2023attentional,

title = {Attentional State-Dependent Peripheral Electrical Stimulation During Action Observation Enhances Cortical Activations in Stroke Patients},

author = {Hyunmi Lim and Chang Hyeon Jeong and Youn Joo Kang and Jeonghun Ku},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2022.0176},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-20},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking},

publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New~…},

abstract = {Brain–computer interface (BCI) is a promising technique that enables patients' interaction with computers or machines by analyzing specific brain signal patterns and provides patients with brain state-dependent feedback to assist in their rehabilitation. Action observation (AO) and peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) are conventional methods used to enhance rehabilitation outcomes by promoting neural plasticity. In this study, we assessed the effects of attentional state-dependent feedback in the combined application of BCI-AO with PES on sensorimotor cortical activation in patients after stroke. Our approach involved showing the participants a video with repetitive grasping actions under four different tasks. A mu band suppression (8–13 Hz) corresponding to each task was computed. A topographical representation showed that mu suppression of the dominant (healthy) and affected hemispheres (stroke) gradually became prominent during the tasks. There were significant differences in mu suppression in the affected motor and frontal cortices of the stroke patients. The involvement of both frontal and motor cortices became prominent in the BCI-AO+triggered PES task, in which feedback was given to the patients according to their attentive watching. Our findings suggest that synchronous stimulation according to patient attention is important for neurorehabilitation of stroke patients, which can be achieved with the combination of BCI-AO feedback with PES. BCI-AO feedback combined with PES could be effective in facilitating sensorimotor cortical activation in the affected hemispheres of stroke patients.



},

keywords = {DSI-24, Stroke},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{seo2023stroke,

title = {Stroke Patients: Effects of Combining Sitting Table Tennis Exercise with Neurological Physical Therapy on Brain Waves},

author = {Seoung Won Seo and Yong Seong Kim},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2023.35.1.19},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-28},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy},

volume = {35},

number = {1},

pages = {19--23},

publisher = {The Korea Society of Physical Therapy},

abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the brain waves and develop various exercise programs to improve the physical and mental aspects of stroke patients when neurological physical therapy and sitting table tennis exercise are applied to stroke patients.

Methods: In this study, an experiment was conducted on 15 patients diagnosed with stroke, and training was performed after changing the ping-pong table to a sitting position to apply ping-pong exercise to stroke patients. After training was conducted for 40 minutes twice a week for 4 weeks, brain waves were measured before and after. EEG was measured using Laxtha’s DSI-24 equipment as a measurement tool, and data values were extracted through the Telescan program.

Results: Most of the relative beta waves showed a significant difference before and after the intervention. As for the characteristics of beta waves, this result can be seen as being highly activated during exercise or other activities.

Conclusion: Ping-pong exercise in a sitting position is a good intervention method for stroke patients, and it can help to use it as basic data in clinical practice by showing brain activity.

},

keywords = {DSI-24, Stroke},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{chen2023classification,

title = {A Classification Framework Based on Multi-modal Features for Detection of Cognitive Impairments},

author = {Sheng Chen and Haiqun Xie and Hongjun Yang and Chenchen Fan and Zengguang Hou and Chutian Zhang},

url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-99-0301-6_27},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-18},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

booktitle = {Intelligent Robotics: Third China Annual Conference, CCF CIRAC 2022, Xi’an, China, December 16--18, 2022, Proceedings},

journal = {Intelligent Robotics: Third China Annual Conference, CCF CIRAC 2022},

pages = {349--361},

organization = {Springer},

abstract = {Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the preliminary stage of dementia, and has a high risk of progression to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the elderly. Early detection of MCI plays a vital role in preventing progression of AD. Clinical diagnosis of MCI requires many examinations, which are highly demanding on hospital equipment and expensive for patients. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive and less expensive way to diagnose MCI early. In this paper, we propose a multi-modal fusion classification framework for MCI detection. We collect EEG data using a delayed match-to-sample task and analyze the differences between the two groups. Based on analysis results, we extract Power spectral density (PSD), PSD enhanced, Event-related potential (ERP) features in EEG signal along with physiological features and behavioral features of the subjects to classify MCI and healthy elderly. By comparing the effect of different features on classification performance, we find that the time-domain based ERP features are better than the frequency-domain based PSD or PSD enhanced features to overcome inter-individual differences to distinguish MCI, and these two features have good complementarity, fusing ERP and PSD enhanced features can greatly improve the classification accuracy to 84.74%. The final result shows that MCI and healthy elderly can be well classified by using this framework.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kambhamettu2023brain,

title = {Brain-Computer Interface-Assisted Automated Wheelchair Control Management--Cerebro: A BCI Application},

author = {Sudhendra Kambhamettu and Meenalosini Vimal Cruz and S Anitha and S Sibi Chakkaravarthy and K Nandeesh Kumar},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119857655.ch9},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-02-10},

urldate = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Brain-Computer Interface: Using Deep Learning Applications},

pages = {205--229},

publisher = {Wiley Online Library},

abstract = {Technology today serves millions of people suffering from mobility impairments across the globe in numerous ways. Although advancements in medicine and healthcare systems improve the life expectancy of the general population, sophisticated engineering techniques and computing processes have long facilitated the patient in the recovery process. People struggling with mobility impairments and especially spine injuries which also leads to loss of speech, often have a narrow group of devices to aid them move from place-to-place and they are often limited to just movement functionality. BCI (Brain Computer Interface) powered wheelchairs leverage the power of the brain, i.e. translating the thoughts/neural activity into real-world movement providing automated motion without any third party intervention. Many BCI powered wheelchairs in the market are cumbersome to operate and provide only singular functionality of movement. To address this problem and improve the state of BCI products, Cerebro introduces the first ever go-to market product utilizing Artificial Intelligence to facilitate mobility features with built-in speech functionality via blink detection. Further sections of the Chapter take an in-depth look into each layer of the Cerebro system.



},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{dhaliwal2022changes,

title = {Changes in Electroencephalogram (EEG) After Foot Stimulation with Embedded Haptic Vibrotactile Trigger Technology: Neuromatrix and Pain Modulation Considerations. Anesth Pain Res. 2022; 6 (2): 1-11},

author = {BS Dhaliwal and J Haddad and M Debrincat and others},

url = {https://www.scivisionpub.com/pdfs/improvement-in-balance-and-stability-using-a-novel-sensory-application-haptic-vibrotactile-trigger-technology-2537.pdf},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-16},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Correspondence: Peter Hurwitz, Clarity Science LLC},

volume = {750},

abstract = {Background: Globally, pain and pain-related diseases are the leading causes of disability and disease burden. In the United States, pain is the most common reason patients consult primary care providers. An estimated 100 million people live with chronic or recurrent pain. Existing pharmacological treatments for pain include anti-inflammatory agents, opioids, and other oral and topical analgesics. Many of these have been associated with troublesome and potentially harmful adverse effects. Understanding the complex pain neuromatrix may help in identifying alternative, non-invasive strategies and treatment approaches to address pain severity, interference, and improve patient outcomes. The neuromatrix of pain is a network of neuronal pathways and circuits responding to sensory (nociceptive) stimulation. Research has suggested that the output patterns of the body-self neuromatrix are responsible for causing or triggering perceptual, homeostatic, and behavioral programs following traumatic injury, other pathology, or chronic stress. As such, pain can be considered a product of the output of a widely distributed neural network within the brain instead of a sequential result of sensory inputs triggered by injury, inflammation, or other pathology. For over a century, the Brodmann Areas remain the most widely known and frequently cited cytoarchitectural organization of the human cortex. Certain Brodmann areas of the brain have been associated with the current understanding of the neuromatrix of pain. The areas expands well beyond the thalamus and anterior cingulate, and primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices to include the midbrain region of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the lenticular complex as well as the insula, orbitofrontal (Brodmann's area [BA] 11, 47), prefrontal (BA 9, 10, 44-46), motor (BA 6, Supplementary motor area, and M1), inferior parietal (BA 39, 40), and anterior cingulate (BA 24, 25) cortices (ACCs). Treatments that are non-invasive and non-pharmacological and target both central and peripheral nociceptive mechanisms that are identified as having an impact on the Brodmann areas associated with the neuromatrix of pain may potentially be considered a beneficial pain management option for patients. Haptic vibrotactile trigger technology targets the nociceptive pathways and is theorized to disrupt the neuromatrix of pain. The technology has been incorporated into non-pharmacological patches and other non-invasive routes of delivery such as apparel (socks), braces, wristbands, and compression sleeves. The purpose of this minimal risk study was to compare electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in areas of the brain that have been associated with the neuromatrix for pain in subjects wearing socks that were embedded with haptic vibrotactile trigger technology with those patients that wore socks that were not embedded with the technology.



Methods: This IRB-approved study compared electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns in subjects wearing cloth socks embedded with haptic vibrotactile trigger technology (Superneuro VTT Enhanced Socks (Srysty Holding Co., Toronto, Canada) with those patients that wore cloth socks that were not embedded with the technology. Baseline EEG data from 19 scalp locations were recorded in sixty (60) adult subjects (36 females and 24 males) ranging from ages 14 to 83 wearing standard store-purchased cloth socks on their feet. The subject’s standard socks were then removed and replaced with the Superneuro VTT enhanced socks on the subject’s feet. A second EEG recording was then obtained. Both eyes-closed and eyes-open data were recorded.



Results: The results showed statistically significant t-test differences (P < .01) in 59 out of 60 subjects in absolute power and 60 out of 60 subjects showed statistically significant differences in coherence and phase difference. The largest differences were in the alpha1 and beta2 frequency bands and especially in central scalp locations. Paired t-tests of LORETA current source densities between socks on and socks off demonstrated statistically significant differences in 60 out of 60 subjects. The largest effects of Superneuro VTT enhanced socks on were on the medial bank of the somatosensory cortex as well as in the left frontal lobes in the theta and alpha frequency.



Conclusions: Study results indicate that foot stimulation with embedded haptic vibrotactile trigger technology showed significant modulation in the Brodmann areas that have been shown to be associated with the neuromatrix for pain in the human brain. Further research is suggested to evaluate if this technology has a positive impact on pain severity, pain interference, and quality of life and to be considered as a potentially beneficial pain management strategy and as part of a multi-modal treatment approach. },

keywords = {DSI-24, Neuromodulation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ocay2022electroencephalographic,

title = {Electroencephalographic characteristics of children and adolescents with chronic musculoskeletal pain},

author = {Don Daniel Ocay and Elizabeth F Teel and Owen D Luo and Chloé Savignac and Yacine Mahdid and Stefanie Blain-Moraes and Catherine E Ferland},

url = {https://journals.lww.com/painrpts/Fulltext/2022/12000/Electroencephalographic_characteristics_of.17.aspx},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-01},

urldate = {2022-12-01},

journal = {PAIN Reports},

volume = {7},

number = {6},

pages = {e1054},

publisher = {LWW},

abstract = {Introduction: 

The pathophysiology of pediatric musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is unclear, contributing to persistent challenges to its management.



Objectives: 

This study hypothesizes that children and adolescents with chronic MSK pain (CPs) will show differences in electroencephalography (EEG) features at rest and during thermal pain modalities when compared with age-matched controls.



Methods: 

One hundred forty-two CP patients and 45 age-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent a standardized thermal tonic heat and cold stimulations, while a 21-electrode headset collected EEG data. Cohorts were compared with respect to their EEG features of spectral power, peak frequency, permutation entropy, weight phase-lag index, directed phase-lag index, and node degree at 4 frequency bands, namely, delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz), and beta (13–30 Hz), at rest and during the thermal conditions.



Results: 

At rest, CPs showed increased global delta (P = 0.0493) and beta (P = 0.0002) power in comparison with HCs. These findings provide further impetus for the investigation and prevention of long-lasting developmental sequalae of early life chronic pain processes. Although no cohort differences in pain intensity scores were found during the thermal pain modalities, CPs and HCs showed significant difference in changes in EEG spectral power, peak frequency, permutation entropy, and network functional connectivity at specific frequency bands (P < 0.05) during the tonic heat and cold stimulations.



Conclusion: 

This suggests that EEG can characterize subtle differences in heat and cold pain sensitivity in CPs. The complementation of EEG and evoked pain in the clinical assessment of pediatric chronic MSK pain can better detect underlying pain mechanisms and changes in pain sensitivity.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{chang2022effect,

title = {Effect of Immersive Virtual Mirror Visual Feedback on Mu Suppression and Coherence in Motor and Parietal Cortex in Stroke},

author = {Won Kee Chang and Hyunmi Lim and Seo Hyun Park and Chaiyoung Lim and Nam-Jong Paik and Won-Seok Kim and Jeonghun Ku},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2253842/v1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-11},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

abstract = {Background: This study aimed to investigate the activation pattern of the motor cortex (M1) and parietal cortex during immersive virtual reality (VR)-based mirror visual feedback (MVF) of the upper limb in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Fourteen patients with chronic stroke with severe upper limb hemiparesis (Brunnstrom stage of hand 1-3) and 21 healthy controls were included. The participants performed wrist extension tasks with their unaffected wrists (or the dominant side in controls). In the MVF condition, the movement of the affected hand was synchronized with that of the unaffected hand. In contrast, only the movement of the unaffected hand was shown in the no-MVF condition. Electroencephalography was obtained during experiments with two conditions (MVF vs no-MVF). Mu suppression in the bilateral M1 and parietal cortex and mu coherence between the ipsilateral M1 and parietal cortex in each hemisphere and interhemispheric M1 were used for analyses. Results: In patients with stroke, MVF induced significant mu suppression in both the ipsilesional M1 and parietal lobes (p=0.006 and p=0.009, respectively), while significant mu suppression was observed in the bilateral M1 (p=0.003 for ipsilesional and p=0.041 for contralesional M1, respectively) and contralesional (contralateral hemisphere to the moving hand) parietal lobes in the healthy controls (p=0.036). The ipsilesional mu coherence between the M1 and parietal cortex in patients with stroke was stronger than that in controls regardless of MVF condition (p<0.001), while mu coherence between interhemispheric M1 cortices was significantly weaker in patients with stroke (p=0.032). Conclusion: In patients with stroke, MVF using immersive VR induces mu suppression in the ipsilesional M1 and parietal lobe. Our findings provide evidence of the neural mechanism of MVF using immersive VR and support its application in patients with stroke with severe hemiparesis.},

keywords = {DSI-24, VR},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rustamov2022relief,

title = {Relief of chronic pain associated with increase in midline frontal theta power},

author = {Nabi Rustamov and Elizabeth A Wilson and Alexandra E Fogarty and Lara W Crock and Eric C Leuthardt and Simon Haroutounian},

doi = {10.1097/PR9.0000000000001040},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-10},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Pain Reports},

volume = {7},

number = {6},

publisher = {Wolters Kluwer Health},

abstract = {Introduction:

There is a need to identify objective cortical electrophysiological correlates for pain relief that could potentially contribute to a better pain management. However, the field of developing brain biomarkers for pain relief is still largely underexplored.



Objectives:

The objective of this study was to investigate cortical electrophysiological correlates associated with relief from chronic pain. Those features of pain relief could serve as potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions to treat pain.



Methods:

In 12 patients with chronic pain in the upper or lower extremity undergoing a clinically indicated nerve block procedure, brain activity was recorded by means of electroencephalogram before and 30 minutes after the nerve block procedure. To determine the specific cortical electrophysiological correlates of relief from chronic pain, 12 healthy participants undergoing cold-pressor test to induce experimental acute pain were used as a control group. The data were analyzed to characterize power spectral density patterns of pain relief and identify their source generators at cortical level.



Results:

Chronic pain relief was associated with significant delta, theta, and alpha power increase at the frontal area. However, only midfrontal theta power increase showed significant positive correlation with magnitude of reduction in pain intensity. The sources of theta power rebound were located in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and midline frontal cortex. Furthermore, theta power increase in the midline frontal cortex was significantly higher with chronic vs acute pain relief.



Conclusion:

These findings may provide basis for targeting chronic pain relief via modulation of the midline frontal theta oscillations.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{woo2022effects,

title = {Effects of Low Visual Acuity Simulations on Eye-Hand Coordination and Brainwaves in Healthy Adults},

author = {Hee-Soon Woo and Chiang-Soon Song},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.14474/ptrs.2022.11.3.296},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-30},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science},

volume = {11},

number = {3},

pages = {296--303},

publisher = {Korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science},

abstract = {Objective: In general, macular degeneration, cataracts and glaucoma generally cause visual injury in clinical settings. This study aimed to examine the effects of low visual acuity simulations on hand manual dexterity function and brainwaves in healthy young adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study design

Methods: This study was an observational, cross-sectional study. Seventy healthy young adults participated in this study. To evaluate the effects of low visual acuity simulations on hand function and brain waves, this study involved four different visual conditions including (1) normal vision, (2) simulated cataracts, (3) simulated glaucoma, and (4) simulated macular degeneration. The hand function was measured to use the Minnesota manual dexterity test (MMDT), and the brainwaves was also measured to use the electroencephalography.

Results: In hand function, placing and turning performance on the MMDT in the normal visual condition was significantly different than that in the cataract and macular degeneration conditions (p<0.05), and the placing performance was significantly differred in the normal condition than that in the simulated glaucoma. However, turning was not significantly different in the normal condition than that in the simulated glaucoma. The alpha, beta, and gamma waves did not significantly differ among the four visual conditions (p＞0.05).

Conclusions: The results suggest that limited visual information negatively affects the ability to perform tasks requiring arm-hand dexterity and eye-hand coordination. However, the effectiveness of low visual acuity on the brainwaves should be further studied for rehabilitative evidence of visual impairment.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rominger2022more,

title = {More creative ideas are associated with increased right posterior power and frontal-parietal/occipital coupling in the upper alpha band: A within-subjects study},

author = {Christian Rominger and Dani`ele A Gubler and Lisa M Makowski and Stefan J Troche},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.08.012},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-09-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International journal of psychophysiology},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The neurophysiological investigation of creative idea generation is a growing research area. EEG studies congruently reported the sensitivity of upper alpha power (10-12 Hz) for the creative ideation process and its outcome. However, the majority of studies were between-subject design studies and research directly comparing the neurophysiological activation pattern when generating more and less creative ideas within a person are rare. Therefore, the present study was specifically focused on investigating brain activation patterns associated with the generation of more vs. less creative ideas. We applied an alternate uses task (AU-task; i.e., finding original uses for everyday objects such as a brick) in a sample of 74 participants and recorded the brain activation during the AU-task and reference period. A portable EEG system with 21 dry electrodes arranged in the international 10–20 system and linked ear as reference was used. We found a higher increase of upper alpha power during creative ideation (relative to reference period, i.e., task-related power, TRP) over right posterior sites when people generated more compared to less creative ideas. This was accompanied by an increase of functional coupling (i.e., task-related coherence increase) between frontal and parietal/occipital sites, which suggests higher internal attention and more control over sensory processes. Taken together, these findings complement the existing creativity research literature and indicate the importance of alpha power for the creative ideation process also within people.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{dong2022influence,

title = {Influence of ambient temperature on personnel thermal comfort and working efficiency under isolation condition of underground engineering},

author = {Xian Dong and Yeyu Wu and Zhijun Tu and Bin Cao and Xianting Li and Zixu Yang and Fei Liu and Zheli Xing},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112438},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-29},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Energy and Buildings},

pages = {112438},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {When attacked by weapons of mass destruction, underground engineering will operate under isolation condition, which results in the increase of temperature, humidity, and CO2 concentration. At present, there are few studies on personnel thermal comfort and working efficiency in underground engineering, especially under isolation condition. To improve the personnel thermal comfort and working efficiency under such condition, the influence of environmental temperature changes on human thermal comfort and working efficiency was investigated through a combination of subjective and objective methods. A subjective questionnaire and working efficiency test were conducted on the subjects in the artificial climate chamber, and synchronously monitored electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), and other physiological parameters of the subjects were recorded, when isolation condition was achieved in the artificial climate chamber. The results show that: (1) the human neutral temperature is 24.2 °C, and thermal comfort zone is [23 °C, 25.5 °C] for isolation condition; (2) the high working efficiency area is [27.3 °C, 28.8 °C] for isolation condition; (3) the average of the TSV corresponding to the highest working efficiency point is 1.3 under isolation condition; (4) from the correlation analysis of working efficiency and personnel physiological indicators, personnel EEG index and task performance are significantly related, and the ECG index and task performance are not relevant for subjects performing brain work under isolation conditions.},

keywords = {DSI-7},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{hu2022assessing,

title = {Assessing stroke rehabilitation degree based on quantitative EEG index and nonlinear parameters},

author = {Yuxia Hu and Yufei Wang and Rui Zhang and Yubo Hu and Mingzhu Fang and Zhe Li and Li Shi and Yankun Zhang and Zhong Zhang and Jinfeng Gao and others},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11571-022-09849-4},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-06},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cognitive Neurodynamics},

pages = {1--9},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The assessment of motor function is critical to the rehabilitation of stroke patients. However, commonly used evaluation methods are based on behavior scoring, which lacks neurological indicators that directly reflect the motor function of the brain. The objective of this study was to investigate whether resting-state EEG indicators could improve stroke rehabilitation evaluation. We recruited 68 participants and recorded their resting-state EEG data. According to Brunnstrom stage, the participants were divided into three groups: severe, moderate, and mild. Ten quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) and five non-linear parameters of resting-state EEG were calculated for further analysis. Statistical tests were performed, and the genetic algorithm-support vector machine was used to select the best feature combination for classification. We found the QEEG parameters show significant differences in Delta, Alpha1, Alpha2, DAR, and DTABR (P < 0.05) among the three groups. Regarding nonlinear parameters, ApEn, SampEn, Lz, and C0 showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The optimal feature classification combination accuracy rate reached 85.3%. Our research shows that resting-state EEG indicators could be used for stroke rehabilitation evaluation.},

keywords = {DSI-24, qEEG, Stroke},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{won2022can,

title = {Can Vibrotactile Stimulation and tDCS Help Inefficient BCI Users?},

author = {Kyungho Won and Heegyu Kim and Daeun Gwon and Minkyu Ahn and Chang S Nam and Sung Chan Jun},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1849849/v1},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-22},

urldate = {2022-07-22},

abstract = {Brain-computer interface (BCI) has helped people by enabling them to control a computer or machine through brain activity without actual body movement. Despite this advantage, BCI cannot be used widely because some people cannot achieve controllable performance. To solve this problem, researchers have proposed stimulation methods to modulate relevant brain activity to improve BCI performance. However, multiple studies have reported mixed results following stimulation, and comparative study of different stimulation modalities has been overlooked. Accordingly, this comparative study was designed to investigate vibrotactile stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation’s (tDCS) effects on brain activity modulation and motor imagery BCI performance among inefficient BCI users. We recruited 44 subjects and divided them into sham, vibrotactile stimulation, and tDCS groups, and low performers were selected from each stimulation group. We found that the BCI performance of low performers in the vibrotactile stimulation group increased significantly by 9.13% (p=0.0053), and while the tDCS group subjects’ performance increased by 5.13%, it was not significant. In contrast, sham group subjects showed no increased performance. In addition to BCI performance, pre-stimulus alpha band power and the phase locking value (PLVs) averaged over sensory motor areas showed significant increases in low performers following stimulation in the vibrotactile stimulation and tDCS groups, while sham stimulation group subjects and high performers across all groups showed no significant stimulation effects. Our findings suggest that stimulation effects may differ depending upon BCI efficiency, and inefficient BCI users have greater plasticity than efficient BCI users.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24, Neuromodulation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{michaelides2022executive,

title = {Executive function-related improvements on a commercial CBT-based weight management intervention: Pilot randomized controlled trial},

author = {Andreas Michaelides and Ellen Siobhan Mitchell and Heather Behr and Annabell Suh Ho and Grant Hanada and Jihye Lee and Sue McPartland},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148763},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-19},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},

volume = {19},

publisher = {Preprints},

abstract = {Executive functioning is a key component involved in many of the processes necessary for effective weight management behavior change (e.g., setting goals). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and third-wave CBT (e.g., mindfulness) are considered first-line treatments for obesity, but it is unknown to what extent they can improve or sustain executive functioning in a generalized weight management intervention. This pilot randomized controlled trial examined if a CBT-based generalized weight management intervention would affect executive functioning and executive function-related brain activity in individuals with obesity or overweight. Participants were randomized to an intervention condition (N = 24) that received the Noom Weight program or to a control group (N = 26) receiving weekly educational newsletters. EEG measurements were taken during Flanker, Stroop, and N-back tasks at baseline and months 1 through 4. After 4 months, the intervention condition evidenced greater accuracy over time on the Flanker and Stroop tasks and, to a lesser extent, neural markers of executive function compared to the control group. The intervention condition also lost more weight than controls (−7.1 pounds vs. +1.0 pounds). Given mixed evidence on whether weight management interventions, particularly CBT-based weight management interventions, are associated with changes in markers of executive function, this pilot study contributes preliminary evidence that a multicomponent CBT-based weight management intervention (i.e., that which provides both support for weight management and is based on CBT) can help individuals sustain executive function over 4 months compared to controls},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{zeifman2022relaxed,

title = {From Relaxed Beliefs Under Psychedelics (REBUS) to Revised Beliefs After Psychedelics (REBAS): Preliminary Development of the RElaxed Beliefs Questionnaire (REB-Q)},

author = {Richard J Zeifman and Meg J Spriggs and Hannes Kettner and Taylor Lyons and Fernando Rosas and Pedro AM Mediano and David Erritzoe and Robin Carhart-Harris},

doi = {10.31234/osf.io/w8j6t},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-07},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

publisher = {PsyArXiv},

abstract = {Background:The Relaxed Beliefs Under pSychedelics (REBUS) modelproposes that serotonergic psychedelics decrease the precision weighting of neurobiologically-encoded beliefs, and offers a unified account of the acute and therapeutic action of psychedelics. AlthoughREBUShas received some neuroscientific support, little research has examined its psychological validity. We conducted a preliminary examination of two psychological assumptions of REBUS: (a) psychedelics foster acute relaxation and post-acute revision of confidence in mental-health-relevant beliefs; (b) this relaxation and revision facilitatespositive therapeutic outcomesand is associated with the entropy of EEG signals(anindex of neurophysiological mechanisms relevant to REBUS). Method:Healthy individuals (N=11) were administered 1 mg and 25 mgpsilocybin4-weeks apart. Confidence ratings forpersonally held negative and positive beliefswere obtainedbefore, during, and 4-weeks after dosing sessions. Acute entropyand self-reported subjective experiences were measured, as was well-being (before and 4-weeks after dosing sessions). Results:Confidence in negative self-beliefsdecreased following 25 mgpsilocybin and not following 1 mgpsilocybin. Entropy and subjective effects under 25 mgpsilocybincorrelated with decreases in negative self-belief confidence(acute and4-weeks after dosing). Particularlystrong evidence was seen for a relationship between decreases in negative self-belief confidence and increases in well-beingat 4-weeks.Conclusions:We reportthe first empirical evidence that therelaxation and revision of negative self-belief confidencemediatespositive psychological outcomes; a psychological assumption ofREBUS. Replication within larger and clinical samples remains necessary. We also introduce a newmeasure, the Relaxed BEliefs Questionnaire (REB-Q),forexaminingthe robustness of these preliminary findingsand the utility of the REBUSmode},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{han2022enhancement,

title = {Enhancement of the neural response during 40 Hz auditory entrainment in closed-eye state in human prefrontal region},

author = {Chuanliang Han and Xixi Zhao and Meijia Li and Naem Haihambo and Jiayi Teng and Sixiao Li and Jinyi Qiu and Xiaoyang Feng and Michel Gao},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11571-022-09834-x},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-07},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Cognitive Neurodynamics},

pages = {1--12},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Gamma-band activity was thought to be related to several high-level cognitive functions, and Gamma ENtrainment Using Sensory stimulation (GENUS, 40 Hz sensory combined visual and auditory stimulation) was found to have positive effects on patients with Alzheimer’s dementia. Other studies found, however, that neural responses induced by single 40 Hz auditory stimulation were relatively weak. To address this, we included several new experimental conditions (sounds with sinusoidal or square wave; open-eye and closed-eye state) combined with auditory stimulation with the aim of investigating which of these induces a stronger 40 Hz neural response. We found that when participant´s eyes were closed, sounds with 40 Hz sinusoidal wave induced the strongest 40 Hz neural response in the prefrontal region compared to responses in other conditions. More interestingly, we also found there is a suppression of alpha rhythms with 40 Hz square wave sounds. Our results provide potential new methods when using auditory entrainment, which may result in a better effect in preventing cerebral atrophy and improving cognitive performance.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{li2022effects,

title = {Effects of spatialized water-sound sequences for traffic noise masking on brain activities},

author = {Jian Li and Luigi Maffei and Aniello Pascale and Massimiliano Masullo},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0012222},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-05},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America},

volume = {152},

number = {1},

pages = {172--183},

publisher = {Acoustical Society of America},

abstract = {Informational masking of water sounds has been proven effective in mitigating traffic noise perception with different sound levels and signal-to-noise ratios, but less is known about the effects of the spatial distribution of water sounds on the perception of the surrounding environment and corresponding psychophysical responses. Three different spatial settings of water-sound sequences with a traffic noise condition were used to investigate the role of spatialization of water-sound sequences on traffic noise perception. The neural responses of 20 participants were recorded by a portable electroencephalogram (EEG) device during the spatial sound playback time. The mental effects and attention process related to informational masking were assessed by the analysis of the EEG spectral power distribution and sensor-level functional connectivity along with subjective assessments. The results showed higher relative power of the alpha band and greater alpha-beta ratio among water-sound sequence conditions compared to traffic noise conditions, which confirmed the increased relaxation on the mental state induced by the introduction of water sounds. Moreover, different spatial settings of water-sound sequences evoked different cognitive network responses. The setting of two-position switching water brought more attentional network activations than other water sequences related to the information masking process along with more positive subjective feelings},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{humphries2022motor,

title = {Motor Network Reorganization Induced in Chronic Stroke Patients with the Use of a Contralesionally-Controlled Brain Computer Interface},

author = {Joseph B Humphries and Daniela JS Mattos and Jerrel Rutlin and Andy GS Daniel and Kathleen Rybczynski and Theresa Notestine and Joshua S Shimony and Harold Burton and Alexandre Carter and Eric C Leuthardt},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/2326263X.2022.2057757},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Brain-Computer Interfaces},

volume = {9},

number = {3},

pages = {179--192},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

abstract = {Upper extremity weakness in chronic stroke remains a problem not fully addressed by current therapies. Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) engaging the unaffected hemisphere are a promising therapy that are entering clinical application, but the mechanism underlying recovery is not well understood. We used resting state functional MRI to assess the impact a contralesionally driven EEG BCI therapy had on motor system functional organization. Patients used a therapeutic BCI for 12 weeks at home. We acquired resting-state fMRI scans and motor function data before and after the therapy period. Changes in functional connectivity (FC) strength between motor network regions of interest (ROIs) and the topographic extent of FC to specific ROIs were analyzed. Most patients achieved clinically significant improvement. Motor FC strength and topographic extent decreased following BCI therapy. Motor recovery correlated with reductions in motor FC strength across the entire motor network. These findings suggest BCI-mediated interventions may reverse pathologic strengthening of dysfunctional network interactions.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-7, Stroke},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kim2022brain,

title = {Brain--computer interface-based action observation combined with peripheral electrical stimulation enhances corticospinal excitability in healthy subjects and stroke patients},

author = {Min Gyu Kim and Hyunmi Lim and Hye Sun Lee and In Jun Han and Jeonghun Ku and Youn Joo Kang},

url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2552/ac76e0/meta?casa_token=MPuDFAHtwF4AAAAA:Q_cSc8qcY0m6fnqiqPpkHv5cAIzKaJBw51nYjwygju0LbXYaujodUGwUy1RjTcbCm-MTN7ZnOg},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-20},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neural Engineering},

volume = {19},

number = {3},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

abstract = {Objective. Action observation (AO) combined with brain–computer interface (BCI) technology enhances cortical activation. Peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) increases corticospinal excitability, thereby activating brain plasticity. To maximize motor recovery, we assessed the effects of BCI-AO combined with PES on corticospinal plasticity. Approach. Seventeen patients with chronic hemiplegic stroke and 17 healthy subjects were recruited. The participants watched a video of repetitive grasping actions with four different tasks for 15 min: (A) AO alone; (B) AO + PES; (C) BCI-AO + continuous PES; and (D) BCI-AO + triggered PES. PES was applied at the ulnar nerve of the wrist. The tasks were performed in a random order at least three days apart. We assessed the latency and amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs). We examined changes in MEP parameters pre-and post-exercise across the four tasks in the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the dominant hand (healthy subjects) and affected hand (stroke patients). Main results. The decrease in MEP latency and increase in MEP amplitude after the four tasks were significant in both groups. The increase in MEP amplitude was sustained for 20 min after tasks B, C, and D in both groups. The increase in MEP amplitude was significant between tasks A vs. B, B vs. C, and C vs. D. The estimated mean difference in MEP amplitude post-exercise was the highest for A and D in both groups. Significance. The results indicate that BCI-AO combined with PES is superior to AO alone or AO + PES for facilitating corticospinal plasticity in both healthy subjects and patients with stroke. Furthermore, this study supports the idea that synchronized activation of cortical and peripheral networks can enhance neuroplasticity after stroke. We suggest that the BCI-AO paradigm and PES could provide a novel neurorehabilitation strategy for patients with stroke.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24, Stroke},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rustamov2022thetab,

title = {Theta-gamma coupling as a cortical biomarker of brain-computer interface mediated motor recovery in chronic stroke},

author = {Nabi Rustamov and Joseph Humphries and Alexandre Carter and Eric C Leuthardt},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac136},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-05-25},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Brain Communications},

volume = {4},

issue = {3},

abstract = {Chronic stroke patients with upper-limb motor disabilities are now beginning to see treatment options that were not previously available. To date, the two options recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration include vagus nerve stimulation and brain–computer interface therapy. While the mechanisms for vagus nerve stimulation have been well defined, the mechanisms underlying brain–computer interface-driven motor rehabilitation are largely unknown. Given that cross-frequency coupling has been associated with a wide variety of higher-order functions involved in learning and memory, we hypothesized this rhythm-specific mechanism would correlate with the functional improvements effected by a brain–computer interface. This study investigated whether the motor improvements in chronic stroke patients induced with a brain–computer interface therapy are associated with alterations in phase–amplitude coupling, a type of cross-frequency coupling. Seventeen chronic hemiparetic stroke patients used a robotic hand orthosis controlled with contralesional motor cortical signals measured with EEG. Patients regularly performed a therapeutic brain–computer interface task for 12 weeks. Resting-state EEG recordings and motor function data were acquired before initiating brain–computer interface therapy and once every 4 weeks after the therapy. Changes in phase–amplitude coupling values were assessed and correlated with motor function improvements. To establish whether coupling between two different frequency bands was more functionally important than either of those rhythms alone, we calculated power spectra as well. We found that theta–gamma coupling was enhanced bilaterally at the motor areas and showed significant correlations across brain–computer interface therapy sessions. Importantly, an increase in theta–gamma coupling positively correlated with motor recovery over the course of rehabilitation. The sources of theta–gamma coupling increase following brain–computer interface therapy were mostly located in the hand regions of the primary motor cortex on the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Beta–gamma coupling decreased bilaterally at the frontal areas following the therapy, but these effects did not correlate with motor recovery. Alpha–gamma coupling was not altered by brain–computer interface therapy. Power spectra did not change significantly over the course of the brain–computer interface therapy. The significant functional improvement in chronic stroke patients induced by brain–computer interface therapy was strongly correlated with increased theta–gamma coupling in bihemispheric motor regions. These findings support the notion that specific cross-frequency coupling dynamics in the brain likely play a mechanistic role in mediating motor recovery in the chronic phase of stroke recovery.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-7, Stroke},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{klee2022target,

title = {Target-Related Alpha Attenuation in a Brain-Computer Interface Rapid Serial Visual Presentation Calibration},

author = {Daniel Klee and Tab Memmott and Niklas Smedemark-Margulies and Basak Celik and Deniz Erdogmus and Barry S Oken},

doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2022.882557},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-21},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},

volume = {16},

publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},

abstract = {This study evaluated the feasibility of using occipitoparietal alpha activity to drive target/non-target classification in a brain-computer interface (BCI) for communication. EEG data were collected from 12 participants who completed BCI Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) calibrations at two different presentation rates: 1 and 4 Hz. Attention-related changes in posterior alpha activity were compared to two event-related potentials (ERPs): N200 and P300. Machine learning approaches evaluated target/non-target classification accuracy using alpha activity. Results indicated significant alpha attenuation following target letters at both 1 and 4 Hz presentation rates, though this effect was significantly reduced in the 4 Hz condition. Target-related alpha attenuation was not correlated with coincident N200 or P300 target effects. Classification using posterior alpha activity was above chance and benefitted from individualized tuning procedures. These findings suggest that target-related posterior alpha attenuation is detectable in a BCI RSVP calibration and that this signal could be leveraged in machine learning algorithms used for RSVP or comparable attention-based BCI paradigms.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-VR300},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{schneefeld2022salient,

title = {Salient 40 Hz sounds probe affective aversion and neural excitability},

author = {F Schneefeld and K Doelling and S Marchesotti and S Schwartz and K Igloi and AL Giraud and LH Arnal},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.26.482077},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {bioRxiv},

publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory},

abstract = {The human auditory system is not equally reactive to all frequencies of the audible spectrum. Emotional and behavioral reactions to loud or aversive acoustic features can vary from one individual to another, to the point that some exhibit exaggerated or even pathological responses to certain sounds. The neural mechanisms underlying these interindividual differences remain unclear. Whether distinct aversion profiles map onto neural excitability at the individual level needs to be tested. Here, we measured behavioral and EEG responses to click trains (from 10 to 250 Hz, spanning the roughness and pitch perceptual ranges) to test the hypothesis that interindividual variability in aversion to rough sounds is reflected in neural response differences between participants. Linking subjective aversion to 40 Hz steady-state EEG responses, we demonstrate that participants experiencing enhanced aversion to roughness also show stronger neural responses to this attribute. Interestingly, this pattern also correlates with inter-individual anxiety levels, suggesting that this personality trait might interact with subjective sensitivity and neural excitability to these sounds. These results support the idea that 40 Hz sounds can probe the excitability of non-canonical auditory systems involved in exogenous salience processing and aversive responses at the individual level. By linking subjective aversion to neural excitability, 40 Hz sounds provide neuromarkers relevant to a variety of pathological conditions, such as those featuring enhanced emotional sensitivity (hyperacusis, anxiety) or aberrant neural responses at 40 Hz (autism, schizophrenia).},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{haro2022eeg,

title = {EEG alpha and pupil diameter reflect endogenous auditory attention switching and listening effort},

author = {Stephanie Haro and Hrishikesh M Rao and Thomas F Quatieri and Christopher J Smalt},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.15616},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-30},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {55},

number = {5},

pages = {1262--1277},

abstract = {Everyday environments often contain distracting competing talkers and background noise, requiring listeners to focus their attention on one acoustic source and reject others. During this auditory attention task, listeners may naturally interrupt their sustained attention and switch attended sources. The effort required to perform this attention switch has not been well studied in the context of competing continuous speech. In this work, we developed two variants of endogenous attention switching and a sustained attention control. We characterized these three experimental conditions under the context of decoding auditory attention, while simultaneously evaluating listening effort and neural markers of spatial-audio cues. A least-squares, electroencephalography (EEG)-based, attention decoding algorithm was implemented across all conditions. It achieved an accuracy of 69.4% and 64.0% when computed over nonoverlapping 10 and 5-s correlation windows, respectively. Both decoders illustrated smooth transitions in the attended talker prediction through switches at approximately half of the analysis window size (e.g., the mean lag taken across the two switch conditions was 2.2 s when the 5-s correlation window was used). Expended listening effort, as measured by simultaneous EEG and pupillometry, was also a strong indicator of whether the listeners sustained attention or performed an endogenous attention switch (peak pupil diameter measure [ ] and minimum parietal alpha power measure [ ]). We additionally found evidence of talker spatial cues in the form of centrotemporal alpha power lateralization ( ). These results suggest that listener effort and spatial cues may be promising features to pursue in a decoding context, in addition to speech-based features.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{gubler2022effect,

title = {The effect of chronic pain on voluntary and involuntary capture of attention: An event-related potential study.},

author = {Dani`ele A Gubler and Stephan Zeiss and Niklaus Egloff and Frank Frickmann and Benjamin Goetze and Michael Harnik and Konrad Streitberger and Stefan J Troche and others},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000375},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

urldate = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Behavioral neuroscience},

volume = {136},

number = {2},

pages = {195},

publisher = {American Psychological Association},

abstract = {Although the interrupting effect of chronic pain on voluntary-directed attention is well-documented, research on the impact of chronic pain on involuntary-directed attention remains incomplete. This study aimed to investigate the influence of chronic pain on involuntary as well as voluntary allocation of attention as, respectively, indexed by the P3a and P3b components in the event-related potential derived from the electroencephalogram. Both involuntary and voluntary captures of attention were compared between 33 patients with chronic pain and 33 healthy controls using an auditory three-stimulus oddball task (with standard, target, and unexpected distractor tones). The results revealed a reduced P3a amplitude as well as a reduced P3b amplitude in patients with chronic pain compared to healthy controls, indicating a detrimental effect of chronic pain on involuntary and voluntary attention, respectively. This study extends the picture of the impairing effects of chronic pain on attentional allocation to a current task and attentional allocation to information outside the focus of attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{arakaki2021alpha,

title = {Alpha desynchronization during Stroop test unmasks cognitively healthy individuals with abnormal CSF Amyloid/Tau},

author = {Xianghong Arakaki and Shao-Min Hung and Roger Rochart and Alfred N Fonteh and Michael G Harrington},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.11.009},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-05},

journal = {Neurobiology of Aging},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Synaptic dysfunctions precede cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by decades, affect executive functions, and can be detected by quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). We used qEEG combined with Stroop testing to identify changes of inhibitory controls in cognitively healthy individuals with an abnormal versus normal ratio of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid/total-tau. We studied two groups of participants (60-94 years) with either normal (CH-NAT or controls, n = 20) or abnormal (CH-PAT, n = 21) CSF amyloid/tau ratio. We compared: alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD), alpha spectral entropy (SE), and their relationships with estimated cognitive reserve. CH-PATs had more negative occipital alpha ERD, and higher frontal and occipital alpha SE during low load congruent trials, indicating hyperactivity. CH-PATs demonstrated fewer frontal SE changes with higher load, incongruent Stroop testing. Correlations of alpha ERD with estimated cognitive reserve were significant in CH-PATs but not in CH-NATs. These results suggested compensatory hyperactivity in CH-PATs compared to CH-NATs. We did not find differences in alpha ERD comparisons with individual CSF amyloid(A), p-tau(T), total-tau(N) biomarkers.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{dong2021explainable,

title = {Explainable Convolutional Neural Network to Investigate Age-Related Changes in Multi-Order Functional Connectivity},

author = {Sunghee Dong and Yan Jin and SuJin Bak and Bumchul Yoon and Jichai Jeong},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10233020},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-03},

journal = {Electronics},

volume = {10},

number = {23},

pages = {3020},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {Functional connectivity (FC) is a potential candidate that can increase the performance of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in the elderly because of its compensatory role in neural circuits. However, it is difficult to decode FC by the current machine learning techniques because of a lack of physiological understanding. To investigate the suitability of FC in BCIs for the elderly, we propose the decoding of lower- and higher-order FC using a convolutional neural network (CNN) in six cognitive-motor tasks. The layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) method describes how age-related changes in FCs impact BCI applications for the elderly compared to younger adults. A total of 17 young adults (24.5±2.7 years) and 12 older (72.5±3.2 years) adults were recruited to perform tasks related to hand-force control with or without mental calculation. The CNN yielded a six-class classification accuracy of 75.3% in the elderly, exceeding the 70.7% accuracy for the younger adults. In the elderly, the proposed method increased the classification accuracy by 88.3% compared to the filter-bank common spatial pattern. The LRP results revealed that both lower- and higher-order FCs were dominantly overactivated in the prefrontal lobe, depending on the task type. These findings suggest a promising application of multi-order FC with deep learning on BCI systems for the elderly},

keywords = {Cognitive-Algorithm, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{arechavala2021task,

title = {Task switching reveals abnormal brain-heart electrophysiological signatures in cognitively healthy individuals with abnormal CSF amyloid/tau, a pilot study},

author = {Rebecca Johnson Arechavala and Roger Rochart and Robert A Kloner and Anqi Liu and Daw-An Wu and Shao-Min Hung and Shinsuke Shimojo and Alfred N Fonteh and Michael T Kleinman and Michael G Harrington and others},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.10.007},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

journal = {International Journal of Psychophysiology},

volume = {170},

pages = {102--111},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha oscillations have been related to heart rate variability (HRV) and both change in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We explored if task switching reveals altered alpha power and HRV in cognitively healthy individuals with AD pathology in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and whether HRV improves the AD pathology classification by alpha power alone.



We compared low and high alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) and HRV parameters during task switch testing between two groups of cognitively healthy participants classified by CSF amyloid/tau ratio: normal (CH-NAT, n = 19) or pathological (CH-PAT, n = 27). For the task switching paradigm, participants were required to name the color or word for each colored word stimulus, with two sequential stimuli per trial. Trials include color (cC) or word (wW) repeats with low load repeating, and word (cW) or color switch (wC) for high load switching. HRV was assessed for RR interval, standard deviation of RR-intervals (SDNN) and root mean squared successive differences (RMSSD) in time domain, and low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio in frequency domain.



Results showed that CH-PATs compared to CH-NATs presented: 1) increased (less negative) low alpha ERD during low load repeat trials and lower word switch cost (low alpha: p = 0.008, Cohen's d = −0.83, 95% confidence interval −1.44 to −0.22, and high alpha: p = 0.019, Cohen's d = −0.73, 95% confidence interval −1.34 to −0.13); 2) decreasing HRV from rest to task, suggesting hyper-activated sympatho-vagal responses. 3) CH-PATs classification by alpha ERD was improved by supplementing HRV signatures, supporting a potentially compromised brain-heart interoceptive regulation in CH-PATs. Further experiments are needed to validate these findings for clinical significance.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mclaughlin2021methodology,

title = {Methodology and feasibility of neurofeedback to improve visual attention to letters in mild Alzheimer's disease},

author = {Deirdre McLaughlin and Daniel Klee and Tab Memmott and Betts Peters and Jack Wiedrick and Melanie Fried-Oken and Barry Oken},

url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.12153},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-23},

journal = {Human-Computer Interaction},

abstract = {Brain computer interfaces systems are controlled by users through neurophysiological input for a variety of applications including communication, environmental control, motor rehabilitation, and cognitive training. Although individuals with severe speech and physical impairment are the primary users of this technology, BCIs have emerged as a potential tool for broader populations, especially with regards to delivering cognitive training or interventions with neurofeedback. The goal of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a BCI system with neurofeedback as an intervention for people with mild Alzheimer's disease. The study focused on visual attention and language since ad is often associated with functional impairments in language and reading. The study enrolled five adults with mild ad in a nine to thirteen week BCI EEG based neurofeedback intervention to improve attention and reading skills. Two participants completed intervention entirely. The remaining three participants could not complete the intervention phase because of restrictions related to covid. Pre and post assessment measures were used to assess reliability of outcome measures and generalization of treatment to functional reading, processing speed, attention, and working memory skills. Participants demonstrated steady improvement in most cognitive measures across experimental phases, although there was not a significant effect of NFB on most measures of attention. One subject demonstrated significantly significant improvement in letter cancellation during NFB. All participants with mild AD learned to operate a BCI system with training. Results have broad implications for the design and use of bci systems for participants with cognitive impairment. Preliminary evidence justifies implementing NFB-based cognitive measures in AD.},

keywords = {DSI-VR300, Neurofeedback},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{jung2021effect,

title = {The Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Education Program on Brain Waves and the Autonomic Nervous System in University Students},

author = {Mijung Jung and Mikyoung Lee},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9111606},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-11-22},

booktitle = {Healthcare},

journal = {Healthcare 2021},

volume = {9},

number = {11},

pages = {1606},

organization = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {Background: Mindfulness, defined as the awareness emerging from purposefully paying attention to the present moment, has been shown to be effective in reducing stress and, thus, promoting psychological well-being. This study investigated the effects of a mindfulness-based education program on mindfulness, brain waves, and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in university students in Korea. Methods: This study is a quantitative and experimental research with a single-group pre-post design. Six sessions of mindfulness-based intervention were applied. In total, 42 students completed a mindfulness questionnaire before and after the intervention, and 28 among them completed pre-intervention and post-intervention measures of brain waves and ANS. Results: The level of mindfulness increased in the participants after intervention. Regarding brain waves, the alpha and theta waves increased, but the beta waves decreased. There was no significant difference in the ANS, presenting no change in heart rate variability. Conclusions: We identified the positive effects of the mindfulness-based education program for university students. The findings indicate that this program may help students not only relax, but also generate a mindfulness state in stressful situations, potentially leading to a successful university life. This study can be used as a basis for quality improvement and sustainability of mindfulness-based education programs for university students.},

keywords = {DSI-24, Neurofeedback},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{seo2021derivation,

title = {Derivation of EEG Spectrum-based Feature Parameters for Mental Fatigue Determination},

author = {Ssang-Hee Seo},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.22156/CS4SMB.2021.11.10.010},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-10-28},

journal = {Journal of Convergence for Information Technology},

volume = {11},

number = {10},

pages = {10--19},

publisher = {Convergence Society for SMB},

abstract = {In this paper, we tried to derive characteristic parameters that reflect mental fatigue through EEG measurement and analysis. For this purpose, mental fatigue was induced through a resting state with eyes closed and performing subtraction operations in mental arithmetic for 30 minutes. Five subjects participated in the experiment, and all subjects were right-handed male students in university, with an average age of 25.5 years. Spectral analysis was performed on the EEG collected at the beginning and the end of the experiment to derive feature parameters reflecting mental fatigue. As a result of the analysis, the absolute power of the alpha band in the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe increased as the mental fatigue increased, while the relative power decreased. Also, the difference in power between resting state and task state showed that the relative power was larger than the absolute power. These results indicate that alpha relative power in the occipital lobe and temporal lobe is a feature parameter reflecting mental fatigue. The results of this study can be utilized as feature parameters for the development of an automated system for mental fatigue determination such as fatigue and drowsiness while driving.},

keywords = {Cognitive-Algorithm, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{snider2022predicting,

title = {Predicting hypoxic hypoxia using machine learning and wearable sensors},

author = {Dallas H Snider and Steven E Linnville and Jeffrey B Phillips and Merrill G Rice},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103110},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-09-04},

journal = {Biomedical Signal Processing and Control},

volume = {71},

pages = {103110},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The capability of detecting symptoms of hypoxia (i.e., reduced oxygen) and other cognitive impairments in-flight with wearable sensors and machine learning based algorithms will benefit the aviation community by saving lives and preventing mishaps. In this study, knowledge discovery processes were implemented to build classification models to predict hypoxia from wearable, dry-EEG sensor data collected from 85 participants in a two-phase study. Over a 35-minute period and while wearing aviation flight masks which regulated their oxygen intake, participants would alternate between a 2-minute cognitive test on CogScreen Hypoxia Edition and a 3-minute simulated flying task on X-Plane 11, with the oxygen concentration reducing every 5 min following the simulated flight task. The decrease in oxygen each 5 min simulated an increase in altitude. Features extracted from the EEG waveforms were transformed using principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the data. Naïve Bayes, decision tree, random forest, and neural network algorithms were utilized to classify the transformed brain wave data as either normal or hypoxic. The algorithms sensitivity ranged from 0.83 to 1.00 while the specificity ranged from 0.91 to 1.00. This study makes a step forward in developing a real-time, in-flight hypoxia detection system.},

keywords = {Cognitive-Algorithm, DSI-7},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kim2021p300,

title = {P300 Brain--Computer Interface-Based Drone Control in Virtual and Augmented Reality},

author = {Soram Kim and Seungyun Lee and Hyunsuk Kang and Sion Kim and Minkyu Ahn},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s21175765},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-27},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {21},

number = {17},

pages = {5765},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {Since the emergence of head-mounted displays (HMDs), researchers have attempted to introduce virtual and augmented reality (VR, AR) in brain–computer interface (BCI) studies. However, there is a lack of studies that incorporate both AR and VR to compare the performance in the two environments. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a BCI application that can be used in both VR and AR to allow BCI performance to be compared in the two environments. In this study, we developed an opensource-based drone control application using P300-based BCI, which can be used in both VR and AR. Twenty healthy subjects participated in the experiment with this application. They were asked to control the drone in two environments and filled out questionnaires before and after the experiment. We found no significant (p > 0.05) difference in online performance (classification accuracy and amplitude/latency of P300 component) and user experience (satisfaction about time length, program, environment, interest, difficulty, immersion, and feeling of self-control) between VR and AR. This indicates that the P300 BCI paradigm is relatively reliable and may work well in various situations},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-VR300, VR},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{lim2021superior,

title = {Superior Facilitation of an Action Observation Network by Congruent Character Movements in Brain--Computer Interface Action-Observation Games},

author = {Hyunmi Lim and Jeonghun Ku},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0231},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-08-04},

journal = {Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking},

volume = {24},

number = {8},

pages = {566--572},

publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New~…},

abstract = {Action observation (AO) is a promising strategy for promoting motor function in neural rehabilitation. Recently, brain–computer interface (BCI)-AO game rehabilitation, which combines AO therapy with BCI technology, has been introduced to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation. This approach can improve motor learning by providing feedback, which can be interactive in an observation task, and the game contents of the BCI-AO game paradigm can affect rehabilitation. In this study, the effects of congruent rather than incongruent feedback in a BCI-AO game on mirror neurons were investigated. Specifically, the mu suppression with congruent and incongruent BCI-AO games was measured in 17 healthy adults. The mu suppression in the central motor cortex was significantly higher with the congruent BCI-AO game than with the incongruent one. In addition, the satisfaction evaluation results were excellent for the congruent case. These results support the fact that providing feedback congruent with the motion of an action video facilitates mirror neuron activity and can offer useful guidelines for the design of BCI-AO games for rehabilitation},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{lin2021age,

title = {Age-related differences in alpha and beta band activity in sensory association brain areas during challenging sensory tasks},

author = {Chun-Ling Lin and Ya-Wen Hsieh and Hui-Ya Chen},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113279},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-06-25},

journal = {Behavioural Brain Research},

volume = {408},

pages = {113279},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Sensory challenges to postural balance are daily threats for elderly individuals. This study examined electroencephalography (EEG) in alpha and beta bands in sensory association areas during the Sensory Organization Test, involving withdrawal of visual or presenting misleading somatosensory inputs, in twelve young and twelve elderly participants. The results showed stepwise deterioration in behavioral performance in four conditions, with group effects that were amplified with combined sensory challenges. With eye closure, alpha and beta activities increased in all sensory association areas. Fast beta activity increased in the bilateral parietal-temporal-occipital areas. Misleading somatosensory information effects on EEG activity were of smaller amplitude than eye closure effects and in a different direction. Decreased alpha activity in left parietal-temporal-occipital areas and decreased beta and fast beta activities in bilateral parietal-temporal-occipital areas were significant. Elderly participants had increased fast beta activity in the left temporal-occipital and bilateral occipital areas, indicative of sustained efforts that they made in all sensory conditions. Similar to the young participants, elderly participants with eyes closed showed increased alpha activity, although to a smaller degree, in bilateral temporal-occipital and left occipital areas. This might indicate a lack of efficacy in redistributing relative sensory weights when elderly participants dealt with eye closure. In summary, EEG power changes did not match the stepwise deterioration in behavioral data, but reflected different sensory strategies adopted by young and elderly participants to cope with eye closure or misleading somatosensory information based on the efficacy of these different strategies.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rustamov2021spatial,

title = {Spatial and frequency-specific electrophysiological signatures of tonic pain recovery in humans},

author = {Nabi Rustamov and Lokesh Sharma and Sarah N Chiang and Carrie Burk and Simon Haroutounian and Eric C Leuthardt},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.008},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-21},

urldate = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Neuroscience},

volume = {465},

pages = {23–37},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {The objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate patterns of brain activities associated with pain recovery following experimental tonic pain in humans. Specific electrophysiological features of pain recovery may either be monitored or be modulated through neurofeedback (NF) as a novel chronic pain treatment. The cold pressor test was applied with simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. EEG data were acquired, and analyzed to define: (1) EEG power topography patterns of pain recovery; (2) source generators of pain recovery at cortical level; (3) changes in functional connectivity associated with pain recovery; (4) features of phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) as it relates to pain recovery. The novel finding of this study is that recovery from pain was characterized by significant theta power rebound at the left fronto-central area. The sources of theta power over-recovery were located in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), cingulate cortex, left insula and contralateral sensorimotor cortex. These effects were paralleled by theta band connectivity increase within hemispheres in a prefrontal–somatosensory network and interhemispherically between prefrontal and parietal areas. In addition, this study revealed significant reduction in PAC between theta/alpha and gamma oscillations during recovery period following tonic pain. These findings have largely been replicated across two identical sessions. Our study emphasizes the association between pain recovery and left lateral prefrontal theta power rebound, and significant over-recovery of functional connectivity in prefrontal-sensorimotor neural network synchronized at theta frequencies. These findings may provide basis for chronic pain treatment by modulating neural oscillations at theta frequencies in left prefrontal cortex.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kim2021effects,

title = {Effects of Changes to Architectural Elements on Human Relaxation-Arousal Responses: Based on VR and EEG},

author = {Sanghee Kim and Hyejin Park and Seungyeon Choo},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084305},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-04-19},

journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},

volume = {18},

number = {8},

pages = {4305},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {This study combines electroencephalogram (EEG) with virtual reality (VR) technologies to measure the EEG responses of users experiencing changes to architectural elements. We analyze the ratio of alpha to beta waves (RAB) indicators to determine the pre- and poststimulation changes. In our methodology, thirty-three females experience using private rooms in a postpartum care center participated in the experiment. Their brain waves are measured while they are experiencing the VR space of a private room in a postpartum care center. Three architectural elements (i.e., aspect ratio of space, ceiling height, and window ratio) are varied in the VR space. In addition, a self-report questionnaire is administered to examine whether the responses are consistent with the results of the EEG response analysis. As a result, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) are observed in the changes in the RAB indicator values of the pre- and poststimulation EEG while the subjects are experiencing the VR space where the architectural elements are varied. That is, the effects of the changes to architectural elements on users’ relaxation-arousal responses are statistically verified. Notably, in all the RAB indicator values where significant differences are observed, the poststimulation RAB decreases in comparison to the prestimulus ratios, which is indicative of the arousal response. However, the arousal levels vary across the architectural elements, which implies it would be possible to find out the elements that could induce less arousal response using the proposed method. Moreover, following the experience in the VR space, certain lobes of the brain (F4 and P3 EEG channels) show statistically significant differences in the relaxation-arousal responses. Unlike previous studies, which measured users’ physiological responses to abstract and primordial spatial elements, this study extends the boundaries of the literature by applying the architectural elements applicable to design in practice},

keywords = {DSI-24, VR},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{eldeeb2021trial,

title = {Trial by trial EEG based BCI for distress versus non distress classification in individuals with ASD},

author = {Safaa Eldeeb and Busra T Susam and Murat Akcakaya and Caitlin M Conner and Susan W White and Carla A Mazefsky},

url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-85362-8},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-03-16},

journal = {Scientific Reports},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {1--13},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},

abstract = {Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often accompanied by impaired emotion regulation (ER). There has been increasing emphasis on developing evidence-based approaches to improve ER in ASD. Electroencephalography (EEG) has shown success in reducing ASD symptoms when used in neurofeedback-based interventions. Also, certain EEG components are associated with ER. Our overarching goal is to develop a technology that will use EEG to monitor real-time changes in ER and perform intervention based on these changes. As a first step, an EEG-based brain computer interface that is based on an Affective Posner task was developed to identify patterns associated with ER on a single trial basis, and EEG data collected from 21 individuals with ASD. Accordingly, our aim in this study is to investigate EEG features that could differentiate between distress and non-distress conditions. Specifically, we investigate if the EEG time-locked to the visual feedback presentation could be used to classify between WIN (non-distress) and LOSE (distress) conditions in a game with deception. Results showed that the extracted EEG features could differentiate between WIN and LOSE conditions (average accuracy of 81%), LOSE and rest-EEG conditions (average accuracy 94.8%), and WIN and rest-EEG conditions (average accuracy 94.9%).},

keywords = {BCI, Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{memmott2021bcipy,

title = {BciPy: brain--computer interface software in Python},

author = {Tab Memmott and Aziz Koçanaoğullari and Matthew Lawhead and Daniel Klee and Shiran Dudy and Melanie Fried-Oken and Barry Oken},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/2326263X.2021.1878727},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-02},

journal = {Brain-Computer Interfaces},

pages = {1-18},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

abstract = {There are high technological and software demands associated with conducting Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) research. In order to accelerate the development and accessibility of BCIs, it is worthwhile to focus on open-source and community desired tooling. Python, a prominent computer language, has emerged as a language of choice for many research and engineering purposes. In this article, BciPy, an open-source, Python-based software for conducting BCI research is presented. It was developed with a focus on restoring communication using Event-Related Potential (ERP) spelling interfaces; however, it may be used for other non-spelling and non-ERP BCI paradigms. Major modules in this system include support for data acquisition, data queries, stimuli presentation, signal processing, signal viewing and modeling, language modeling, task building, and a simple Graphical User Interface (GUI).},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rahimi2021image,

title = {Image luminance changes contrast sensitivity in visual cortex},

author = {Hamed Rahimi-Nasrabadi and Jianzhong Jin and Reece Mazade and Carmen Pons and Sohrab Najafian and Jose-Manuel Alonso},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108692},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-02-02},

journal = {Cell reports},

volume = {34},

number = {5},

pages = {108692},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Accurate measures of contrast sensitivity are important for evaluating visual disease progression and for navigation safety. Previous measures suggested that cortical contrast sensitivity was constant across widely different luminance ranges experienced indoors and outdoors. Against this notion, here, we show that luminance range changes contrast sensitivity in both cat and human cortex, and the changes are different for dark and light stimuli. As luminance range increases, contrast sensitivity increases more within cortical pathways signaling lights than those signaling darks. Conversely, when the luminance range is constant, light-dark differences in contrast sensitivity remain relatively constant even if background luminance changes. We show that a Naka-Rushton function modified to include luminance range and light-dark polarity accurately replicates both the statistics of light-dark features in natural scenes and the cortical responses to multiple combinations of contrast and luminance. We conclude that differences in light-dark contrast increase with luminance range and are largest in bright environments.},

keywords = {DSI-7},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{haarbrain,

title = {Brain Activity Reveals Multiple Motor-Learning Mechanisms in a Real-World Task},

author = {Haar Millo, S and Faisal, A},

doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2020.00354},

isbn = {1662-5161},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-09-02},

journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},

volume = {14},

pages = {354},

publisher = {Frontiers Media},

abstract = {Many recent studies found signatures of motor learning in neural beta oscillations (13–30 Hz), and specifically in the post-movement beta rebound (PMBR). All these studies were in controlled laboratory-tasks in which the task designed to induce the studied learning mechanism. Interestingly, these studies reported opposing dynamics of the PMBR magnitude over learning for the error-based and reward-based tasks (increase vs. decrease, respectively). Here, we explored the PMBR dynamics during real-world motor-skill-learning in a billiards task using mobile-brain-imaging. Our EEG recordings highlight the opposing dynamics of PMBR magnitudes (increase vs. decrease) between different subjects performing the same task. The groups of subjects, defined by their neural dynamics, also showed behavioral differences expected for different learning mechanisms. Our results suggest that when faced with the complexity of the real-world different subjects might use different learning mechanisms for the same complex task. We speculate that all subjects combine multi-modal mechanisms of learning, but different subjects have different predominant learning mechanisms.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kim2020effect,

title = {The Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation Program Using Virtual Reality (VR) Contents on Cognitive function, Depression, Upper Extremity Function and Activities of Daily Living in the Elderly},

author = {Young-June Kim and Jin-Hong Park and Young-Suk Cho and Keum-Sook Kim},

url = {https://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/JAKO202024852036461.page},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-08-28},

journal = {Journal of Convergence for Information Technology},

volume = {10},

number = {8},

pages = {203--212},

publisher = {Convergence Society for SMB},

abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive rehabilitation programs using Virtual Reality(VR) content on the daily living abilities such as cognitive abilities, depression, and upper extremity functions of the elderly. The study group analyzed the effectiveness by separating the experimental group, which is the virtual reality cognitive rehabilitation application group, and the control group, the universal cognitive stimulation program application group. As a result of the study, the MMSE-K score improved by 13.0% in the experimental group and 2.3% in the control group. The improvement in each area of the experimental group was found to be 3.1% MBI, 7.1% MFT(Rt.), 3.5% MFT(Lt.), and 25.4% K-GDS. As a result of comparing the pre-post score change between each group, there was a significant difference between groups in daily living ability (p<.001) and MFT(Rt.)(p<.01). In addition, as a result of comparing the changes in absolute alpha waves to confirm the degree of depression through brain waves, there was no statistically significant difference. However, in the experimental group, it was confirmed that the average value increased to a positive value. This study is an experiment to verify the effectiveness of the cognitive rehabilitation program using virtual reality contents, and suggests a new intervention method to maintain and improve the daily life ability, cognitive function, depression and upper extremity function of the elderly.},

keywords = {DSI-24, VR},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{lim2020transcranial,

title = {Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Effect on Virtual Hand Illusion},

author = {Hyunmi Lim and Won-Seok Kim and Jeonghun Ku},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0741},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-08-04},

urldate = {2020-08-04},

journal = {Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking},

volume = {23},

number = {8},

pages = {541--549},

publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 140 Huguenot Street, 3rd Floor New~…},

abstract = {Virtual reality (VR) is effectively used to evoke the mirror illusion, and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) synergistically facilitates this illusion. This study investigated whether a mirror virtual hand illusion (MVHI) induced by an immersive, first-person-perspective, virtual mirror system could be modulated by tDCS of the primary motor cortex. Fourteen healthy adults (average age 21.86 years ±0.47, seven men and seven women) participated in this study, and they experienced VR with and without tDCS—the tDCS and sham conditions, each of which takes ∼30 minutes—on separate days to allow the washout of the tDCS effect. While experiencing VR, the movements of the virtual left hand reflected the flexion and extension of the real right hand. Subsequently, electroencephalogram was recorded, the magnitude of the proprioceptive shift was measured, and the participants provided responses to a questionnaire regarding hand ownership. A significant difference in the proprioceptive shift was observed between the tDCS and sham conditions. In addition, there was significant suppression of the mu power in Pz, and augmentation of the beta power in the Pz, P4, O1, and O2 channels. The difference in proprioceptive deviation between the two conditions showed significant negative correlation with mu suppression over the left frontal lobe in the tDCS condition. Finally, the question “I felt that the virtual hand was my own hand” received a significantly higher score under the tDCS condition. In short, applying tDCS over the motor cortex facilitates the MVHI by activating the attentional network over the parietal and frontal lobes such that the MVHI induces more proprioceptive drift, which suggests that the combination of VR and tDCS can enhance the immersive effect in VR. This result provides better support for the use of the MVHI paradigm in combination with tDCS for recovery from illnesses such as stroke.},

keywords = {DSI-24, Neuromodulation, Stroke, VR},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{son2020development,

title = {Development of a flickering action video based steady state visual evoked potential triggered brain computer interface-functional electrical stimulation for a rehabilitative action observation game},

author = {Ji Eun Son and Hyoseon Choi and Hyunmi Lim and Jeonghun Ku},

editor = {Severin P. Schwarzacher and Carlos Gómez},

doi = {10.3233/THC-209051},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-06-04},

journal = {Technology and Health Care},

volume = {28},

number = {S1},

pages = {509-519},

publisher = {IOS Press},

abstract = {BACKGROUND:

This study focused on developing an upper limb rehabilitation program. In this regard, a steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) triggered brain computer interface (BCI)-functional electrical stimulation (FES) based action observation game featuring a flickering action video was designed.



OBJECTIVE:

In particular, the synergetic effect of the game was investigated by combining the action observation paradigm with BCI based FES.



METHODS:

The BCI-FES system was contrasted under two conditions: with flickering action video and flickering noise video. In this regard, 11 right-handed subjects aged between 22–27 years were recruited. The differences in brain activation in response to the two conditions were examined.



RESULTS:

The results indicate that T3 and P3 channels exhibited greater Mu suppression in 8–13 Hz for the action video than the noise video. Furthermore, T4, C4, and P4 channels indicated augmented high beta (21–30 Hz) for the action in contrast to the noise video. Finally, T4 indicated suppressed low beta (14–20 Hz) for the action video in contrast to the noise video.



CONCLUSION:

The flickering action video based BCI-FES system induced a more synergetic effect on cortical activation than the flickering noise based system.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{wang2020converging,

title = {Converging subjective and psychophysiological measures of cognitive load to study the effects of instructor-present video},

author = {Jiahui Wang and Pavlo Antonenko and Andreas Keil and Kara Dawson},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12239},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-03-30},

urldate = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Mind, Brain, and Education},

volume = {14},

number = {3},

pages = {279--291},

publisher = {Wiley Online Library},

abstract = {Many online videos feature an instructor on the screen to improve learners' engagement; however, the influence of this design on learners' cognitive load is underexplored. This study investigates the effects of instructor presence on learners' processing of information using both subjective and psychophysiological measures of cognitive load. Sixty university students watched a statistics instructional video either with or without instructor presence, while the spontaneous electrical activity of their brain was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). At the conclusion of the video, they also self-reported overall load, intrinsic load, extraneous load, and germane load they experienced during the video. Learning from the video was assessed via tests of retention and transfer. Results suggested the instructor-present video improved learners' ability to transfer information and was associated with a lower self-reported intrinsic and extraneous load. Event-related changes in theta band activity also indicated lower cognitive load with instructor-present video.},

keywords = {Cognitive-Algorithm, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{mahdid2020assessing,

title = {Assessing the Quality of Wearable EEG Systems Using Functional Connectivity},

author = {Yacine Mahdid and Uncheol Lee and Stefanie Blain-Moraes},

doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3033472},

issn = {2169-3536},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Access},

volume = {8},

pages = {193214--193225},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {Assessing the data quality of wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) systems is critical to collecting reliable neurophysiological data in non-laboratory environments. To date, measures of signal quality and spectral characteristics have been used to characterize wearable EEG systems. We demonstrate that these traditional measures do not provide fine-grained differentiation between the performance of four popular wearable EEG systems (the Epoc+, OpenBCI, DSI-24 and Quick-30 Dry EEG). Using two computationally inexpensive metrics of undirected functional connectivity (phase lag index) and directed functional connectivity (directed phase lag index), we compare the integrity of the phase relationships captured by wearable systems to those recorded from a high-density research-grade EEG system (Electrical Geodesics Inc). Our results demonstrate that functional connectivity analyses provide additional discriminatory information about wearable EEG systems, with clear differentiation of the cosine similarity between research-grade functional connectivity patterns and those generated by each wearable system. We provide a freely available Matlab toolbox containing all metrics described in this paper such that researchers and non-experts interested in wearable EEG systems can easily assess the quality of systems not characterized in this study, thus advancing the translation of EEG research into non-laboratory settings.},

keywords = {Comparisons, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{islam2020eeg,

title = {EEG mobility artifact removal for ambulatory epileptic seizure prediction applications},

author = {Md Shafiqul Islam and Ahmad M El-Hajj and Hussein Alawieh and Zaher Dawy and Nabil Abbas and Jamil El-Imad},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101638},

issn = {1746-8094},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Biomedical Signal Processing and Control},

volume = {55},

pages = {101638},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Mobile monitoring of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is prone to different sources of artifacts. Most importantly, motion-related artifacts present a major challenge hindering the clean acquisition of EEG data as they spread all over the scalp and across all frequency bands. This leads to additional complexity in the development of neurologically-oriented mobile health solutions. Among the top five most common neurological disorders, epilepsy has increasingly relied on EEG for diagnosis. Separate methods have been used to classify EEG segments in the context of epilepsy while reducing the existing mobility artifacts. This work specifically devises an approach to remove motion-related artifacts in the context of epilepsy. The proposed approach first includes the recording of EEG signals using a wearable EEG headset. The recorded signals are then colored by some motion artifacts generated in a lab-controlled experiment. This stage is followed by temporal and spectral characterization of the signals and artifact removal using independent component analysis (ICA). The proposed approach is tested using real clinical EEG data and results showed an average increase in accuracy of ∼9% in seizure detection and ∼24% in prediction.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{choi2019brain,

title = {Brain computer interface-based action observation game enhances mu suppression in patients with stroke},

author = {Hyoseon Choi and Hyunmi Lim and Joon Woo Kim and Youn Joo Kang and Jeonghun Ku},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8121466},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-12-02},

journal = {Electronics},

volume = {8},

number = {12},

pages = {1466},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {Action observation (AO), based on the mirror neuron theory, is a promising strategy to promote motor cortical activation in neurorehabilitation. Brain computer interface (BCI) can detect a user’s intention and provide them with brain state-dependent feedback to assist with patient rehabilitation. We investigated the effects of a combined BCI-AO game on power of mu band attenuation in stroke patients. Nineteen patients with subacute stroke were recruited. A BCI-AO game provided real-time feedback to participants regarding their attention to a flickering action video using steady-state visual-evoked potentials. All participants watched a video of repetitive grasping actions under two conditions: (1) BCI-AO game and (2) conventional AO, in random order. In the BCI-AO game, feedback on participants’ observation scores and observation time was provided. In conventional AO, a non-flickering video and no feedback were provided. The magnitude of mu suppression in the central motor, temporal, parietal, and occipital areas was significantly higher in the BCI-AO game than in the conventional AO. The magnitude of mu suppression was significantly higher in the BCI-AO game than in the conventional AO both in the affected and unaffected hemispheres. These results support the facilitatory effects of the BCI-AO game on mu suppression over conventional AO},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24, Stroke},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rice2019gender,

title = {Gender Differences in Dry-EEG Manifestations During Acute and Insidious Normobaric Hypoxia},

author = {Merrill G Rice and Dallas Snider and Sabrina Drollinger and Chris Greil and Frank Bogni and Jeffrey Phillips and Anil Raj and Katherine Marco and Steven Linnville},

doi = { https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.5227.2019},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-04-01},

journal = {Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance},

volume = {90},

number = {4},

pages = {369--377},

publisher = {Aerospace Medical Association},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Prior research suggests there may be gender differences with regards to hypoxia resilience. Our study was designed to determine whether there were differences between genders in neuronal electrical activity at simulated altitude and whether those changes correlated with cognitive and aviation performance decrements.



METHODS: There were 60 student Naval Aviators or Flight Officers who completed this study (30 women, 30 men). Participants were exposed to increasing levels of normobaric hypoxia and monitored with dry EEG while flying a fixed-base flight simulation. Gender differences in brainwave frequency power were quantified using MATLAB. Changes in flight and cognitive performance were analyzed via simulation tasks and with a cognitive test validated under hypoxia.



RESULTS: Significant decreases in theta and gamma frequency power occurred for women compared to men with insidious hypoxic exposures to 20K, with an average frequency power decrease for women of 19.4% compared to 9.3% for men in theta, and a 42.2% decrease in gamma for women compared to 21.7% for men. Beta frequency power correlated highest between genders, with an average correlation coefficient of r = 0.95 across seven channels.



DISCUSSION: Results of this study suggest there is identifiable brain wave suppression for both men and women with hypoxic exposure and, moreover, there are significant differences in this suppression between genders. Beta frequency power was most sensitive for both genders and highly correlative compared to other brainwave frequencies. The implications of these findings are important considerations for next-generation aviation helmets, which may employ this technology as an early warning mechanism.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-7},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{di2019dry,

title = {The Dry Revolution: Evaluation of Three Different EEG Dry Electrode Types in Terms of Signal Spectral Features, Mental States Classification and Usability},

author = {Gianluca Di Flumeri and Pietro Aric{`o} and Gianluca Borghini and Nicolina Sciaraffa and Antonello Di Florio and Fabio Babiloni},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061365},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-03-19},

journal = {Sensors},

volume = {19},

number = {6},

pages = {1365},

publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},

abstract = {One century after the first recording of human electroencephalographic (EEG) signals, EEG has become one of the most used neuroimaging techniques. The medical devices industry is now able to produce small and reliable EEG systems, enabling a wide variety of applications also with no-clinical aims, providing a powerful tool to neuroscientific research. However, these systems still suffer from a critical limitation, consisting in the use of wet electrodes, that are uncomfortable and require expertise to install and time from the user. In this context, dozens of different concepts of EEG dry electrodes have been recently developed, and there is the common opinion that they are reaching traditional wet electrodes quality standards. However, although many papers have tried to validate them in terms of signal quality and usability, a comprehensive comparison of different dry electrode types from multiple points of view is still missing. The present work proposes a comparison of three different dry electrode types, selected among the main solutions at present, against wet electrodes, taking into account several aspects, both in terms of signal quality and usability. In particular, the three types consisted in gold-coated single pin, multiple pins and solid-gel electrodes. The results confirmed the great standards achieved by dry electrode industry, since it was possible to obtain results comparable to wet electrodes in terms of signals spectra and mental states classification, but at the same time drastically reducing the time of montage and enhancing the comfort. In particular, multiple-pins and solid-gel electrodes overcome gold-coated single-pin-based ones in terms of comfort.},

keywords = {Comparisons, DSI-7},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{rice2019dry,

title = {Dry-EEG Manifestations of Acute and Insidious Hypoxia During Simulated Flight},

author = {Merrill G Rice and Dallas Snider and Sabrina Drollinger and Chris Greil and Frank Bogni and Jeffrey Phillips and Anil Raj and Katherine Marco and Steven Linnville},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3357/AMHP.5228.2019},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-02-01},

journal = {Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance},

volume = {90},

number = {2},

pages = {92-100},

publisher = {Aerospace Medical Association},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Recently, portable dry electroencephalographs (dry-EEGs) have indexed cognitive workload, fatigue, and drowsiness in operational environments. Using this technology this project assessed whether significant changes in brainwave frequency power occurred in response to hypoxic exposures as experienced in military aviation.



METHODS: There were 60 (30 women, 30 men) student Naval Aviators or Flight Officers who were exposed to an intense (acute) high-altitude (25,000 ft) normobaric hypoxic exposure, and 20 min later, more gradual (insidious) normobaric hypoxic exposure up to 20,000 ft while flying a fixed-wing flight simulation and monitored with a dry-EEG system. Using MATLAB, EEG frequencies and power were quantified and analyzed. Cognitive performance was also assessed with a cognitive task validated under hypoxia. Normobaric hypoxia and O2 saturation (Spo 2) were produced and monitored using the Reduced Oxygen Breathing Device (ROBD2).



RESULTS: Significant Spo 2 decreases were recorded at acute 25K and insidious 20K simulated altitudes. Significant power decreases were recorded in all frequencies (alpha, beta, gamma, and theta) and all channels with acute 25K exposures. Gamma, beta, and theta frequency power were significantly decreased with insidious 20K exposures at most of the channels. The frequency power decreases corresponded to significant decreases in cognitive performance and flight performance. Most importantly, frequency power suppressions occurred despite 42% of the volunteers not perceiving they were hypoxic in the acute phase, nor 20% in the insidious phase.



DISCUSSION: Results suggest EEG suppression during acute/insidious hypoxia can index performance decrements. These findings have promising implications in the development of biosensors that mitigate potential in-flight hypoxic physiological episodes.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-7},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{lim2019multiple,

title = {Multiple-command single-frequency SSVEP-based BCI system using flickering action video},

author = {Hyunmi Lim and Jeonghun Ku},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2019.01.005},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-16},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience Methods},

volume = {314},

pages = {21-27},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Background

The number of commands in a brain–computer interface (BCI) system is important. This study proposes a new BCI technique to increase the number of commands in a single BCI system without loss of accuracy.



New method

We expected that a flickering action video with left and right elbow movements could simultaneously activate the different pattern of event-related desynchronization (ERD) according to the video contents (e.g., left or right) and steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP). The classification accuracy to discriminate left, right, and rest states was compared under the three following feature combinations: SSVEP power (19–21 Hz), Mu power (8–13 Hz), and simultaneous SSVEP and Mu power.



Results

The SSVEP feature could discriminate the stimulus condition, regardless of left or right, from the rest condition, while the Mu feature discriminated left or right, but was relatively poor in discriminating stimulus from rest. However, combining the SSVEP and Mu features, which were evoked by the stimulus with a single frequency, showed superior performance for discriminating all the stimuli among rest, left, or right.



Comparison with the existing method

The video contents could activate the ERD differently, and the flickering component increased its accuracy, such that it revealed a better performance to discriminate when considering together.



Conclusions

This paradigm showed possibility of increasing performance in terms of accuracy and number of commands with a single frequency by applying flickering action video paradigm and applicability to rehabilitation systems used by patients to facilitate their mirror neuron systems while training.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{arakaki2019alpha,

title = {Alpha desynchronization during simple working memory unmasks pathological aging in cognitively healthy individuals},

author = {Xianghong Arakaki and Ryan Lee and Kevin S King and Alfred N Fonteh and Michael G Harrington},

editor = {Stephen D. Ginsberg, Nathan S Kline Institute},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208517},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-02},

journal = {PloS one},

volume = {14},

number = {1},

pages = {e0208517},

publisher = {Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA},

abstract = {Our aim is to explore if cognitive challenge combined with objective physiology can reveal abnormal frontal alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD), in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We used quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) to investigate brain activities during N-back working memory (WM) processing at two different load conditions (N = 0 or 2) in an aging cohort. We studied 60–100 year old participants, with normal cognition, and who fits one of two subgroups from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins: cognitively healthy (CH) with normal amyloid/tau ratio (CH-NAT, n = 10) or pathological amyloid/tau ratio (CH-PAT, n = 14). We recorded behavioral performances, and analyzed alpha power and alpha spectral entropy (SE) at three occasions: during the resting state, and at event-related desynchronization (ERD) [250 ~ 750 ms] during 0-back and 2-back. During 0-back WM testing, the behavioral performance was similar between the two groups, however, qEEG notably differentiated CH-PATs from CH-NATs on the simple, 0-back testing: Alpha ERD decreased from baseline only in the parietal region in CH-NATs, while it decreased in all brain regions in CH-PATs. Alpha SE did not change in CH-NATs, but was increased from baseline in the CH-PATs in frontal and left lateral regions (p<0.01), and was higher in the frontal region (p<0.01) of CH-PATs compared to CH-NATs. The alpha ERD and SE analyses suggest there is frontal lobe dysfunction during WM processing in the CH-PAT stage. Additional power and correlations with behavioral performance were also explored. This study provide pilot information to further evaluate whether this biomarker has clinical significance.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24, qEEG},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pereira2018cross,

title = {Cross-Subject EEG Event-Related Potential Classification for Brain-Computer Interfaces Using Residual Networks},

author = {Arnaldo Pereira and Dereck Padden and Jay Jantz and Kate Lin and Ramses Alcaide-Aguirre},

doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.16257.10086},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-09-20},

urldate = {2018-01-01},

abstract = {EEG event-related potentials, and the P300 signal in

particular, are promising modalities for brain-computer interfaces (BCI). But the nonstationarity of EEG signals and

their differences across individuals have made it difficult to

implement classifiers that can determine user intent without having to be retrained or calibrated for each new user

and sometimes even each session. This is a major impediment to the development of consumer BCI. Recently, the

EEG BCI literature has begun to apply convolutional neural

networks (CNNs) for classification, but experiments have

largely been limited to training and testing on single subjects. In this paper, we report a study in which EEG data

were recorded from 66 subjects in a visual oddball task

in virtual reality. Using wide residual networks (WideResNets), we obtain state-of-the-art performance on a test set

composed of data from all 66 subjects together. Additionally, a minimal preprocessing stream to convert EEG data

into square images for CNN input while adding regularization is presented and shown to be viable. This study also

provides some guidance on network architecture parameters based on experiments with different models. Our results show that it may possible with enough data to train

a classifier for EEG-based BCIs that can generalize across

individuals without the need for individual training or calibration.

},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-VR300},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vergeer2018orientation,

title = {Orientation-selective contrast adaptation measured with SSVEP},

author = {Mark Vergeer and Juraj Mesik and Yihwa Baek and Kelton Wilmerding and Stephen A Engel},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1167/18.5.2},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-05-01},

journal = {Journal of Vision},

volume = {18},

number = {5},

pages = {2--2},

publisher = {The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology},

abstract = {Exposure to oriented luminance contrast patterns causes a reduction in visual sensitivity specifically for the adapter orientation. This orientation selectivity is probably the most studied aspect of contrast adaptation, but it has rarely been measured with steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs), despite their becoming one of the more popular methods of human neuroscience. Here, we measured orientation selective adaptation by presenting a plaid stimulus of which the horizontal and vertical grating reversed contrast at different temporal frequencies, while recording EEG signals from occipital visual areas. In three experiments, we compared SSVEP responses to the plaid before and after adaptation. All experiments showed a significant decrease in SSVEP response at the frequency of the adapter orientation, whereas such an effect was absent for the frequency of the orthogonal orientation. Adaptation also led to robust phase delays, selectively for the SSVEP frequency corresponding to the adapter orientation. These results demonstrate the efficiency of SSVEPs for measuring orientation selective adaptation; the method can measure changes in both amplitude and phase, simultaneously for two orientations.},

keywords = {DSI-7, VR},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{memmott2018t154,

title = {Automated and self-report measures of drowsiness over successive calibrations in a brain-computer interface for communication},

author = {Tab Memmott and Brandon Eddy and Sina Dabiri and Deniz Erdogmus and Melanie Fried-Oken and Barry Oken},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.155},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-05-01},

journal = {Clinical Neurophysiology},

volume = {129},

pages = {e61--e62},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Brain computer interfaces (BCI) generally require the user to maintain an attentive state. Potential end-users with severe speech and physical impairments may have limited communication abilities to report their current state, thus an automatic calculation of state may improve performance. It’s not yet known if an effective automatic calculation of drowsiness can be detected reliably in end-user populations or healthy controls.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{arakaki2018alpha,

title = {Alpha desynchronization/synchronization during working memory testing is compromised in acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)},

author = {Xianghong Arakaki and Michael Shoga and Lianyang Li and George Zouridakis and Thao Tran and Alfred N Fonteh and Jessica Dawlaty and Robert Goldweber and Janice M Pogoda and Michael G Harrington},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188101},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-02-14},

journal = {PloS one},

volume = {13},

number = {2},

pages = {e0188101},

publisher = {Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA},

abstract = {Diagnosing and monitoring recovery of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is challenging because of the lack of objective, quantitative measures. Diagnosis is based on description of injuries often not witnessed, subtle neurocognitive symptoms, and neuropsychological testing. Since working memory (WM) is at the center of cognitive functions impaired in mTBI, this study was designed to define objective quantitative electroencephalographic (qEEG) measures of WM processing that may correlate with cognitive changes associated with acute mTBI. First-time mTBI patients and mild peripheral (limb) trauma controls without head injury were recruited from the emergency department. WM was assessed by a continuous performance task (N-back). EEG recordings were obtained during N-back testing on three occasions: within five days, two weeks, and one month after injury. Compared with controls, mTBI patients showed abnormal induced and evoked alpha activity including event-related desynchronization (ERD) and synchronization (ERS). For induced alpha power, TBI patients had excessive frontal ERD on their first and third visit. For evoked alpha, mTBI patients had lower parietal ERD/ERS at the second and third visits. These exploratory qEEG findings offer new and non-invasive candidate measures to characterize the evolution of injury over the first month, with potential to provide much-needed objective measures of brain dysfunction to diagnose and monitor the consequences of mTBI.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{hunter2018change,

title = {Change in quantitative EEG theta cordance as a potential predictor of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation clinical outcome in major depressive disorder},

author = {Aimee M Hunter and Thien X Nghiem and Ian A Cook and David E Krantz and Michael J Minzenberg and Andrew F Leuchter},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1177/1550059417746212},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-12-10},

urldate = {2017-12-10},

journal = {Clinical EEG and Neuroscience},

volume = {49},

number = {5},

pages = {306--315},

publisher = {Sage Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA},

abstract = {Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has demonstrated efficacy in major depressive disorder (MDD), although clinical outcome is variable. Change in the resting-state quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG), particularly in theta cordance early in the course of treatment, has been linked to antidepressant medication outcomes but has not been examined extensively in clinical rTMS. This study examined change in theta cordance over the first week of clinical rTMS and sought to identify a biomarker that would predict outcome at the end of 6 weeks of treatment. Clinically stable outpatients (n = 18) received nonblinded rTMS treatment administered to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Treatment parameters (site, intensity, number of pulses) were adjusted on an ongoing basis guided by changes in symptom severity rating scale scores. qEEGs were recorded at pretreatment baseline and after 1 week of left DLPFC (L-DLPFC) rTMS using a 21-channel dry-electrode headset. Analyses examined the association between week 1 regional changes in theta band (4-8 Hz) cordance, and week 6 patient- and physician-rated outcomes. Theta cordance change in the central brain region predicted percent change in Inventory of Depressive Symptomology–Self-Report (IDS-SR) score, and improvement versus nonimprovement on the Clinical Global Impression–Improvement Inventory (CGI-I) (R2 = .38, P = .007; and Nagelkerke R2 = .78, P = .0001, respectively). The cordance biomarker remained significant when controlling for age, gender, and baseline severity. Treatment-emergent change in EEG theta cordance in the first week of rTMS may predict acute (6-week) treatment outcome in MDD. This oscillatory synchrony biomarker merits further study in independent samples.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24, Neuromodulation, qEEG},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{halford2016comparison,

title = {Comparison of a Novel Dry Electrode Headset to Standard Routine EEG in Veterans},

author = {Jonathan J Halford and Robert J Schalkoff and Kevin E Satterfield and Gabriel U Martz and Ekrem Kutluay and Chad G Waters and Brian C Dean},

doi = {10.1097/WNP.0000000000000284},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-12-01},

journal = {Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology},

volume = {33},

number = {6},

pages = {530--537},

publisher = {LWW},

abstract = {Objective: 

This purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a prototype battery-powered dry electrode system (DES) EEG recording headset in Veteran patients by comparing it with standard EEG.



Methods: 

Twenty-one Veterans had both a standard electrode system recording and DES recording in nine different patient states at the same encounter. Setup time, patient comfort, and subject preference were measured. Three experts performed technical quality rating of each EEG recording in a blinded fashion using the web-based EEGnet system. Power spectra were compared between DES and standard electrode system recordings.



Results: 

The average time for DES setup was 5.7 minutes versus 21.1 minutes for standard electrode system. Subjects reported that the DES was more comfortable during setup. Most subjects (15 of 21) preferred the DES. On a five-point scale (1—best quality to 5—worst quality), the technical quality of the standard electrode system recordings was significantly better than for the DES recordings, at 1.25 versus 2.41 (P < 0.0001). But experts found that 87% of the DES EEG segments were of sufficient technical quality to be interpretable.



Conclusions: 

This DES offers quick and easy setup and is well tolerated by subjects. Although the technical quality of DES recordings was less than standard EEG, most of the DES recordings were rated as interpretable by experts.



Significance: 

This DES, if improved, could be useful for a telemedicine approach to outpatient routine EEG recording within the Veterans Administration or other health system.},

keywords = {Comparisons, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{fridman2016evaluation,

title = {Evaluation of dry sensors for neonatal EEG recordings},

author = {Igor Fridman and Malaika Cordeiro and Khodayar Rais-Bahrami and Neil J McDonald and James J Reese Jr and An N Massaro and Joan A Conry and Taeun Chang and Walid Soussou and Tammy N Tsuchida},

url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4818163/},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-04-01},

journal = {Journal of clinical neurophysiology: official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society},

volume = {33},

number = {2},

pages = {149},

publisher = {NIH Public Access},

abstract = {Introduction

Neonatal seizures are a common neurologic diagnosis in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), occurring in approximately 14,000 newborns annually in the US. While the only reliable means of detecting and treating neonatal seizures is with an EEG recording, many neonates do not get an EEG or experience delays in getting them. Barriers to obtaining neonatal EEGs include: 1) lack of skilled EEG technologists to apply conventional wet electrodes to delicate neonatal skin, 2) poor signal quality due to improper skin preparation and artifact, 3) extensive time needed to apply electrodes. Dry sensors have the potential to overcome these obstacles but have not been previously evaluated on neonates.



Methods

Sequential and simultaneous recordings with wet and dry sensors were performed for one hour on 27 neonates from 35-42.5 weeks postmenstrual age. Recordings were analyzed for correlation and amplitude, and were reviewed by neurophysiologists. Performance of dry sensors on simulated vernix was examined.



Results

Analysis of dry and wet signals showed good time-domain correlation (reaching >0.8) given the non-superimposed sensor positions, and similar power spectral density curves. Neurophysiologist reviews showed no statistically significant difference between dry and wet data on most clinically-relevant EEG background and seizure patterns. There was no skin injury after 1 hr of dry sensor recordings. In contrast to wet electrodes, impedance and electrical artifact of dry sensors were largely unaffected by simulated vernix.



Conclusions

Dry sensors evaluated in this study have the potential to provide high-quality, timely EEG recordings on neonates with less risk of skin injury.},

keywords = {Comparisons, qEEG},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{arakaki2016exploring,

title = {Exploring neuroplasticity in acute mild traumatic brain injury},

author = {Xianghong Arakaki and Michael Shoga and Lianyang Li and George Zouridakis and Ramona Rostami and Robert Goldweber and Michael Harrington},

url = {https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fasebj.30.1_supplement.992.4},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-04-01},

journal = {The FASEB Journal},

volume = {30},

pages = {992--4},

publisher = {The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},

abstract = {Objectives

To explore neuroplasticity in a longitudinal study of acute mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).



Methods

We are using quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) during the resting state and during cognitive brain stress to explore neuroplasticity in an ongoing acute mild traumatic brain injury research. Acute mTBI patients are recruited from the emergency department of Huntington Memorial Hospital in Pasadena, CA, and controls are non‐head‐trauma patients. Brain stress includes the N‐back (0‐back and 2‐back) working memory test and Color‐Word Interference Test (CWIT), administered using E‐prime software. Data were collected at three time points: within 1 week of injury, 14 days, and 30 days after injury. Behavioral as well as MEG and qEEG analysis are performed to compare the two groups.



Results

Resting MEG detected low frequency activity in the mTBI group, consistent with previous publications. N‐back, in particular during 2‐back trials, and CWIT, in particular during incongruent trials, both show initial executive function impairment that improved on later visits. Time frequency analysis suggested corresponding compromised brain activity.



Conclusions

The EEG/MEG recordings during rest and brain stress are objective and sensitive to neuroplasticity in acute mTBI, and could be potential objective mTBI markers.},

keywords = {Biomarker, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kang2015investigation,

title = {Investigation of engagement of viewers in movie trailers using electroencephalography},

author = {Dayoon Kang and Jinsoo Kim and Dong-Pyo Jang and Yang Seok Cho and Sung-Phil Kim},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1080/2326263X.2015.1103591},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-11-10},

journal = {Brain-Computer Interfaces},

volume = {2},

number = {4},

pages = {193--201},

publisher = {Taylor & Francis},

abstract = {Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been focused on providing direct communications to the disabled. Recently, BCI researchers have expanded BCI applications to non-medical uses and categorized them as active BCI, reactive BCI, and passive BCI. Neurocinematics, a new application of reactive BCIs, aims to understand viewers’ cognitive and affective responses to movies from neural activity, providing more objective information than traditional subjective self-reports. However, studies on analytical indices for neurocinematics have verified their indices by comparisons with self-reports. To overcome this contradictory issue, we proposed using an independent psychophysical index to evaluate a neural engagement index (NEI). We made use of the secondary task reaction time (STRT), which measures participants’ engagement in a primary task by their reaction time to a secondary task; here, responding to a tactile stimulus was the secondary task and watching a movie trailer was the primary task. NEI was developed as changes in the difference between frontal beta and alpha activity of EEG. We evaluated movie trailers using NEI, STRT, and self-reports and found a significant correlation between STRT and NEI across trailers but no correlation between any of the self-report results and STRT or NEI. Our results suggest that NEI developed for neurocinematics may conform well with more objective psychophysical assessments but not with subjective self-reports.},

keywords = {BCI, DSI-24, Neuromarketing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{hairston2014usability,

title = {Usability of four commercially-oriented EEG systems},

author = {David W Hairston and Keith W Whitaker and Anthony J Ries and Jean M Vettel and Cortney J Bradford and Scott E Kerick and Kaleb McDowell},

url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2560/11/4/046018/meta},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-07-01},

journal = {Journal of Neural Engineering},

volume = {11},

number = {4},

pages = {046018},

publisher = {IOP Publishing},

abstract = {Electroencephalography (EEG) holds promise as a neuroimaging technology that can be used to understand how the human brain functions in real-world, operational settings while individuals move freely in perceptually-rich environments. In recent years, several EEG systems have been developed that aim to increase the usability of the neuroimaging technology in real-world settings. Here, the usability of three wireless EEG systems from different companies are compared to a conventional wired EEG system, BioSemi's ActiveTwo, which serves as an established laboratory-grade 'gold standard' baseline. The wireless systems compared include Advanced Brain Monitoring's B-Alert X10, Emotiv Systems' EPOC and the 2009 version of QUASAR's Dry Sensor Interface 10–20. The design of each wireless system is discussed in relation to its impact on the system's usability as a potential real-world neuroimaging system. Evaluations are based on having participants complete a series of cognitive tasks while wearing each of the EEG acquisition systems. This report focuses on the system design, usability factors and participant comfort issues that arise during the experimental sessions. In particular, the EEG systems are assessed on five design elements: adaptability of the system for differing head sizes, subject comfort and preference, variance in scalp locations for the recording electrodes, stability of the electrical connection between the scalp and electrode, and timing integration between the EEG system, the stimulus presentation computer and other external events.},

keywords = {Comparisons, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{slater2012quality,

title = {Quality assessment of electroencephalography obtained from a “dry electrode” system},

author = {Jeremy D Slater and Giridhar P Kalamangalam and Omotola Hope},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.05.011},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-07-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuroscience Methods},

volume = {208},

number = {2},

pages = {134--137},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {This study examines the difference in application times for routine electroencephalography (EEG) utilizing traditional electrodes and a “dry electrode” headset. The primary outcome measure was the time to interpretable EEG (TIE). A secondary outcome measure of recording quality and interpretability was obtained from EEG sample review by two blinded clinical neurophysiologists. With EEG samples obtained from 10 subjects, the average TIE for the “dry electrode” system was 139 s, and for the conventional recording 873 s (p < 0.001). The results support the hypothesis that such a “dry electrode” system can be applied with more than an 80% reduction in the TIE while still obtaining interpretable EEG.},

keywords = {Comparisons},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{estepp2010evaluation,

title = {Evaluation of a Dry Electrode System for Electroencephalography: Applications for Psychophysiological Cognitive Workload Assessment},

author = {Justin R Estepp and Jason W Monnin and James C Christensen and Glenn F Wilson},

doi = {First Published September 1, 2010 Research Article https://doi.org/10.1177/154193121005400305},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-09-01},

booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting},

volume = {54},

number = {3},

pages = {210--214},

organization = {SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA},

abstract = {Advances in state-of-the-art dry electrode technology have led to the development of a novel dry electrode system for electroencephalography (QUASAR, Inc.; San Diego, California, USA). While basic systems-level testing and comparison of this dry electrode system to conventional wet electrode systems has proved to be very favorable, very limited data has been collected that demonstrates the ability of QUASAR's dry electrode system to replicate results produced in more applied, dynamic testing environments that may be used for human factors applications. In this study, QUASAR's dry electrode headset was used in combination with traditional wet electrodes to determine the ability of the dry electrode system to accurately differentiate between varying levels of cognitive workload. Results show that the accuracy in cognitive workload assessment obtained with wet electrodes is comparable to that obtained with the dry electrodes.},

keywords = {Cognitive-Algorithm, Comparisons, DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{antonenko2010using,

title = {Using Electroencephalography to Measure Cognitive Load},

author = {Pavlo Antonenko and Fred Paas and Roland Grabner and Tamara Van Gog},

doi = {dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9130-y},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-04-29},

journal = {Educational Psychology Review},

volume = {22},

number = {4},

pages = {425--438},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {Application of physiological methods, in particular electroencephalography (EEG), offers new and promising approaches to educational psychology research. EEG is identified as a physiological index that can serve as an online, continuous measure of cognitive load detecting subtle fluctuations in instantaneous load, which can help explain effects of instructional interventions when measures of overall cognitive load fail to reflect such differences in cognitive processing. This paper presents a review of seminal literature on the use of continuous EEG to measure cognitive load and describes two case studies on learning from hypertext and multimedia that employed EEG methodology to collect and analyze cognitive load data.},

keywords = {DSI-24},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{matthews2009physiological,

title = {Physiological Sensor Suite Using Zero Preparation Hybrid Electrodes for Real Time Workload Classification},

author = {R Matthews and PJ Turner and NJ McDonald and K Ermolaev and T Mc Manus and RA Shelby and M Steindorf},

url = {http://www.quasarusa.com/pdf/Matthews_ITEA_2009_Physiological%20Sensor%20Suite%20Using%20Zero%20Preparation%20Hybrid%20Electrodes%20for%20Real%20Time%20Workload%20Classification.pdf},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {The International Test and Evaluation Association},

volume = {30},

pages = {13--17},

abstract = {Quantum Applied Science and Research is working closely with the Aberdeen Test Center to develop an integrated system to monitor warfighter physiology. This need has been recognized by two recent major programs: the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency’s Augmented Cognition program and the U.S. Army’s Warfighter Physiological Status Monitor program. However, these programs were limited by inadequate development of fully deployable noninvasive sensors and in the number of physiological variables they could simultaneously measure. Warfighters need to rapidly perceive, comprehend, and translate combat information into action. To aid them, robust gauges have been developed for classification of cognitive workload, engagement, and fatigue, which simplify complex physiological data into onedimensional parameters that can be used to identify a subject’s cognitive state during the varied tasks carried out in a training environment. This article describes the two main hardware modules that form part of an integrated Physiological Sensor Suite (PSS): a Physiological Status Monitor (PSM) and a module for the measurement of electroencephalograms (EEGs). The PSS is based on revolutionary noninvasive bioelectric sensor technologies. No modification of the skin’s outer layer is required for the operation of this sensor technology, unlike conventional electrode technology that requires the use of conductive pastes or gels, often with abrasive skin preparation of the electrode site. The PSS was designed to be wearable and unobtrusive, with an emphasis on the capability of long-term monitoring of physiological signals. These factors are of considerable importance in operational settings where high end-user compliance is required. The PSM is a simple belt that is worn around the chest. The EEG system has already been incorporated into a soldier’s Kevlar helmet and tested successfully during combat training. Data are acquired using a miniature, ultralowpower, microprocessor-controlled multichannel data acquisition (DAQ) unit that transmits data wirelessly to a base station/data logger worn by the subject. The DAQ unit is worn on the body close to the measurement point, reducing the amount of cable clutter and minimizing the impact on subject mobility without introducing motion artifacts.},

keywords = {Cognitive-Algorithm},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{trejo2007experimental,

title = {Experimental design and testing of a multimodal cognitive overload classifier},

author = {Leonard J Trejo and Neil J McDonald and Robert Matthews and Brendan Z Allison},

url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonard-Trejo/publication/266524682_Experimental_Design_and_Testing_of_a_Multimodal_Cognitive_Overload_Classifier/links/5535a1650cf20ea35f10ddf0/Experimental-Design-and-Testing-of-a-Multimodal-Cognitive-Overload-Classifier.pdf},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Foundations of Augmented Cognition},

volume = {2007},

pages = {13--22},

publisher = {Strategic Analysis, Inc Arlington, VA},

abstract = {We report the results of an experiment designed to construct and test a robust multimodal system for automatic classification of cognitive overload. With the assistance of The Scripps Research Institute, twenty-two experienced gamers performed a first-person shooter combat simulation while multiple biosignals and performance were recorded. Signals included EEG, EOG, EMG, ECG, accuracy, and reaction time measures. A kernel partial least squares or KPLS classifier was trained to distinguish subtle differences in EEG spectra within subjects as they pertained to passive viewing, low-difficulty, and high-difficulty simulations. The KPLS classifier was supported and enhanced by algorithms for preprocessing and normalization of EEG and other biosignals. Results indicated that for some subjects, robust classifiers discriminated passive viewing from active performance with accuracies in the range of 99% to 100% and that such models were stable over two test days, using 35-70 min. of training data from Day 1 and testing on data from Day 2. In addition, for some subjects, classifiers discriminated high-difficulty simulations from low-difficulty and passive simulations with stable accuracies of 80% or better across two test days, using 35-70 min. of training data from Day 1 and testing on data from Day 2. We also tested the effect of alcohol intoxication on simulation performance and classifier accuracy. Performance was slightly altered by drinking alcohol to a blood alcohol level of 0.06%, producing more aggressive behavior than with a placebo across subjects. The KPLS classifiers showed remarkable resilience to alcohol effects, considerably less than the effects of day of testing. Not all subjects had such impressive results. To address the lack of generality across subjects, we are currently performing a modified study design that includes provisions for three calibration tasks. These calibration tasks are intended to serve as brief, simple tasks that a user could easily perform at any time as needed to 

recalibrate algorithms that relate physiology to cognitive state. The tasks include a) eyes-open and eyes-closed for general EEG calibration, b) a mental arithmetic task (divide by twos or sevens) for cognitive load classification, and c) passive viewing of the combat simulation task, for calibration of engagement/disengagement of mental resources. We aim to use the data from the calibration tasks to adapt classification algorithms for variations over time and for inclusion of multiple sensor and data modalities, such as electrocardiographic, electrooculographic, and electromyographic sensor data},

keywords = {Multimodal},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{matthews2005invisible,

title = {The invisible electrode-zero prep time, ultra low capacitive sensing},

author = {Robert Matthews and NJ McDonald and I Fridman and P Hervieux and T Nielsen},

url = {https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sWO1DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA221&dq=invisible&ots=ZU2692_xdh&sig=ig5dxx8kgdfm3gXtgD12pMZnv-o#v=onepage&q=invisible&f=false},

year  = {2005},

date = {2005-01-01},

journal = {Foundations of Augmented Cognition},

pages = {221},

publisher = {CRC Press},

abstract = {The principle technical difficulty in measuring bioelectric signals from the body, such as electroencephalogram 

(EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG), lies in establishing good, stable electrical contact to the skin. Traditionally, 

measurements of human bioelectric activity use resistive contact electrodes, the most widely used of which are 

‘paste-on’ (or wet) electrodes. However, the use of wet electrodes is a highly invasive process as some preparation 

of the skin is necessary in order for the electrode either to adhere to the skin for any length of time or to make 

adequate electrical contact to the skin. This is uncomfortable for the subject and can lead to considerable irritation of 

the skin over time, an issue of particular concern in measurements of EEG signals, which typically require an array 

of electrodes positioned about the head. 

Despite over 40 years of investigation, including the development of several alternative electrode technologies, no 

reliable method for making electrical contact to the skin that does not require some modification of its outer layer 

has been developed. For example, Ag-AgCl dry electrodes, NASICON ceramic electrodes, and saline solution 

electrodes do not require any skin preparation, but for each electrode the subject experiences skin irritation over 

extended periods, and there are various issues that cause the performance of the sensors to degrade over time. 

Alternatively, insulated electrodes that use capacitive coupling to measure the potential changes on the skin have in 

the past, for noise considerations, used exotic materials to generate a high capacitive coupling (~1 nF) to the skin. 

The intrinsic noise of insulated electrodes is adequate for bioelectric measurements, but these high capacitance 

sensors also exhibit long-term compatibility issues with the skin and are sensitive to motion artifact signals due to 

the electrode’s high sensitivity to relative motion between the skin and the electrode itself. 

As a result of advances in semiconductor processing techniques and through the use of innovative circuit designs, 

QUASAR has developed a new class of insulated bioelectrodes (IBEs) that can measure the electric potential at a 

point in free space. This has made it possible to make measurements of human bioelectric signals without a resistive 

connection and with modest capacitive coupling to the source of interest. These electrodes are genuinely noninvasive in that they require no skin preparation, have no long-term compatibility issues with the skin, and can 

measure human bioelectric activity at the microvolt level through clothing while remaining largely immune to 

motion artifact signals. 

This paper will present measurements of bioelectric activity made using QUASAR’s IBEs, and corresponding data 

measured using conventional wet electrodes will also be presented for comparison. The presentation will include 

through-clothing measurements of bioelectric signals, the rejection of motion artifact signals, non-invasive (i.e. no 

skin preparation) EEG measurements of alpha-rhythm signals, and the noise levels observed using both types of 

sensors. 

In a series of tests conducted on unprepared skin, it was observed that both the IBEs and conventional wet electrodes 

had similar noise levels. This noise level was higher than the expected noise level, which had been predicted based 

upon the intrinsic noise characteristics of the sensors. The fact that both sensors suffered from this higher noise level 

suggested a common mechanism, which was later identified as skin noise. 

It has been reported in the literature that one of the fundamental noise sources for any bioelectric measurement made 

on unprepared skin is epidermal artifact noise. This noise is due to potentials developed in the skin itself that are 

indistinguishable from the bioelectric signal of interest. There exist techniques that can reduce this noise level by as 

much as a factor of 5, but they involve modification of the skin’s outer layer either by abrasion or chemical absorption of conducting fluid. These methods are not comfortable for the subject and may be difficult to perform on 

subjects with especially sensitive skin, such as neonates, burn victims, or the elderly. 

In addition to QUASAR’s IBE sensors, this paper will also discuss a new free-space electrode that is designed to be 

insensitive to epidermal artifact noise, and thus is capable of bioelectric measurements at the microvolt level in the 

absence of any skin preparation. The new device exhibits significantly less capacitive coupling to the source of 

interest than the current generation of QUASAR IBEs, without the increase in intrinsic sensor noise that would 

accompany a reduction in electrode capacitance. },

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}