Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures the electrical activity of the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG can be used for various research applications, including studying brain function and activity, identifying neurological disorders, and investigating the effects of drugs or other interventions on brain activity. EEG is particularly useful for studying brain activity in real-time and identifying the timing and location of brain activity associated with specific cognitive processes or behaviors. It can also be used in clinical settings to diagnose and monitor neurological disorders such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and traumatic brain injuries. Additionally, EEG can be used to investigate the effects of various interventions, such as cognitive training or neurofeedback, on brain activity and function.
For surfers, catching the perfect wave can induce a state of pure ecstasy known as the “stoke”. But what’s happening in the brain during this ultimate ride? Wearable Sensing created a custom dry EEG system that measures brainwaves during surfing. They partnered with Red Bull to use this technology on professional surfers to uncover the neurophysiological aspects of surfing. The dry EEG system is worn on the head like a swimming cap, and it allows for the measurement of brain activity in real-time during surfing. By studying the brainwaves of surfers during their best rides, researchers hope to understand what goes on in the brain during moments of flow and peak performance, and ultimately unlock the secrets to achieving that elusive state of “stoke”.
In this study, wearable sensors and machine learning-based algorithms were used to predict hypoxia in-flight. The group used Wearable Sensing’s dry-EEG technology to collect sensor data from 85 participants during a two-phase study. Participants wore aviation flight masks, which regulated their oxygen intake while performing cognitive tests and simulated flying tasks. EEG data was collected and analyzed using principal component analysis and machine learning algorithms, including Naïve Bayes, decision tree, random forest, and neural network algorithms, to classify the data as normal or hypoxic. The results showed high sensitivity and specificity, indicating potential for developing a real-time, in-flight hypoxia detection system.
This paper proposes a protocol for assessing stress using wearable sensing technology, including Electroencephalography (EEG), Electrocardiography (ECG), and the Perceived Stress Scale, in combination with a Virtual Reality phobia induction setting. Wearable Sensing’s dry EEG technology is used to measure brain activity and investigate functional brain connectivity associated with stress. The proposed protocol can be expanded with the incorporation of machine learning algorithms for automatic stress level classification.
Riek, Nathan T; Susam, Busra T; Hudac, Caitlin M; Conner, Caitlin M; Akcakaya, Murat; Yun, Jane; White, Susan W; Mazefsky, Carla A; Gable, Philip A
Feedback Related Negativity Amplitude is Greatest Following Deceptive Feedback in Autistic Adolescents Journal Article
In: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, pp. 1–11, 2023.
@article{riek2023feedback,
title = {Feedback Related Negativity Amplitude is Greatest Following Deceptive Feedback in Autistic Adolescents},
author = {Nathan T Riek and Busra T Susam and Caitlin M Hudac and Caitlin M Conner and Murat Akcakaya and Jane Yun and Susan W White and Carla A Mazefsky and Philip A Gable},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-023-06038-y},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders},
pages = {1–11},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {The purpose of this study is to investigate if feedback related negativity (FRN) can capture instantaneous elevated emotional reactivity in autistic adolescents. A measurement of elevated reactivity could allow clinicians to better support autistic individuals without the need for self-reporting or verbal conveyance. The study investigated reactivity in 46 autistic adolescents (ages 12–21 years) completing the Affective Posner Task which utilizes deceptive feedback to elicit distress presented as frustration. The FRN event-related potential (ERP) served as an instantaneous quantitative neural measurement of emotional reactivity. We compared deceptive and distressing feedback to both truthful but distressing feedback and truthful and non-distressing feedback using the FRN, response times in the successive trial, and Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) reactivity scores. Results revealed that FRN values were most negative to deceptive feedback as compared to truthful non-distressing feedback. Furthermore, distressing feedback led to faster response times in the successive trial on average. Lastly, participants with higher EDI reactivity scores had more negative FRN values for non-distressing truthful feedback compared to participants with lower reactivity scores. The FRN amplitude showed changes based on both frustration and reactivity. The findings of this investigation support using the FRN to better understand emotion regulation processes for autistic adolescents in future work. Furthermore, the change in FRN based on reactivity suggests the possible need to subgroup autistic adolescents based on reactivity and adjust interventions accordingly.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kim, Suhye; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Hyung, Wooseok; Shin, Suhkyung; Choi, Myoung Jin; Kim, Dong Hwan; Im, Chang-Hwan
Characteristic Behaviors of Elementary Students in a Low Attention State During Online Learning Identified Using Electroencephalography Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 2023.
@article{kim2023characteristic,
title = {Characteristic Behaviors of Elementary Students in a Low Attention State During Online Learning Identified Using Electroencephalography},
author = {Suhye Kim and Jung-Hwan Kim and Wooseok Hyung and Suhkyung Shin and Myoung Jin Choi and Dong Hwan Kim and Chang-Hwan Im},
doi = {10.1109/TLT.2023.3289498},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-29},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {With the widespread application of online education platforms, the necessity for identifying learner's mental states from webcam videos is increasing as it can be potentially applied to artificial intelligence-based automatic identification of learner's states. However, the behaviors that elementary school students frequently exhibit during online learning particularly when they are in a low attention state have rarely been investigated. This study employed electroencephalography (EEG) to continuously track changes in the learner's attention state during online learning. A new EEG index reflecting elementary students' attention level was developed using an EEG dataset acquired from 30 fourth graders during a computerized d2 test of attention. Characteristic behaviors of 24 elementary students in a low attention state were then identified from the webcam videos showing their upper bodies captured during 40-minute online lectures, with the proposed EEG index being used as a reference to determine their attention level at the time. Various characteristic behaviors were identified regarding participant's mouth, head, arms, and torso. For example, opening mouth or leaning back was observed more frequently in a low attention state than in a high attention state. It is expected that the characteristic behaviors reflecting learner's low attention state would be utilized as a useful reference in developing more interactive and effective online education systems.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cho, Ji Young; Wang, Ze-Yu; Hong, Yi-Kyung
An EEG Study on the Interior Environmental Design Elements in Promoting Healing Journal Article
In: Journal of the Korean Housing Association, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 067–079, 2023.
@article{cho2023eeg,
title = {An EEG Study on the Interior Environmental Design Elements in Promoting Healing},
author = {Ji Young Cho and Ze-Yu Wang and Yi-Kyung Hong},
url = {https://journal.khousing.or.kr/articles/xml/XeZw/},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.6107/JKHA.2023.34.3.067},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-25},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the Korean Housing Association},
volume = {34},
number = {3},
pages = {067–079},
publisher = {The Korean Housing Association},
abstract = {This study aimed to identify the attributes of environmental design elements that promote healing. Eighteen college students participated in an EEG study, and their Ratio of Alpha to Beta (RAB) was examined in relation to eight interior design stimuli consisting of different conditions of illuminance (high/low), color (green/white), and biophilia ( natural/artificial). The EEGs of the 19 channels were measured using a dry-type EEG device (DSI-24). Participants also completed a survey questionnaire, choosing the best stimuli for healing environments and for wanting to stay. The EEG data were analyzed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test to identify statistical differences in responses to different stimuli. The main results were as follows: (1) RAB was most frequently observed in the left temporal and parietal lobes; (2) when comparing pre- and post-stimulation, significant differences were observed between background EEG and six stimuli (S1, S3, S5, S6, S7, and S8); (3) RAB tended to be high with low illuminance, white walls, and artificial biophilia; and (4) the psychological and EEG responses did not match; stimuli with high illuminance and natural biophilia were selected the most for healing and wanting to stay environments. The results indicate the necessity for studying environmental responses via both physiological and psychological aspects as they compensate for each other. and artificial biophilia; and (4) the psychological and EEG responses did not match; stimuli with high illuminance and natural biophilia were selected the most for healing and wanting to stay environments. The results indicate the necessity for studying environmental responses via both physiological and psychological aspects as they compensate for each other. and artificial biophilia; and (4) the psychological and EEG responses did not match; stimuli with high illuminance and natural biophilia were selected the most for healing and wanting to stay environments. The results indicate the necessity for studying environmental responses via both physiological and psychological aspects as they compensate for each other.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Browne, Connor
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Preprocessing Methods on Motor Classification Scores in EEG Data Masters Thesis
University of Washington, 2023.
@mastersthesis{browne2023evaluating,
title = {Evaluating the Effectiveness of Preprocessing Methods on Motor Classification Scores in EEG Data},
author = {Connor Browne},
url = {https://www.proquest.com/openview/f610ae2952cdc715d3512cd8a8121b89/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-24},
urldate = {2023-07-24},
school = {University of Washington},
abstract = {Classification of motor tasks is of significant interest in brain-computer interfacing today. Electroencephalograph data contains a large amount of noise obfuscating the signal associated with these motor tasks. Various preprocessing techniques exist to increase the signalto-noise ratio allowing for more accurate classifications. The effectiveness of these techniques varies between motor tasks and in different environments. There is a need to evaluate these different techniques in many different environments and with different motor tasks. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of several preprocessing techniques and classification models for classifying four different motor imagery tasks from EEG data. Specifically, Frequency Filtering, ICA, and CSP are evaluated using Naive Bayes, kNN, Linear SVM, RBF SVM, LDA, Random Forest, and a MLP Neural Network. To control for the environment, data was collected from student volunteers in short sessions designed to demonstrate either eye blinking, eye rolling, jaw clenching, or neck turning. Each task had its own procedure for the session. Motor tasks in data were evaluated for frequency and amplitude commonalities using continuous wavelet transforms and Fourier transforms. Preprocessing Techniques were then iteratively applied to these datasets and evaluated using an ML model. The evaluation metrics used were Accuracy, F1, Precision, and Recall. Results showed that the combination of Frequency Filtering, ICA, and CSP with the Naive Bayes and Random Forest models yielded the highest accuracy and F1 for all motor tasks. These findings contribute to the field of EEG signal processing and could have potential applications in the development of brain-computer interfaces. It also directly contributes to a greater project in spatial neglect rehabilitation by providing novel insights to common artifacts in EEG data, as well as to the creation of a framework for data processing in real-time and offline.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {mastersthesis}
}
Fan, Tengwen; Zhang, Liming; Liu, Jianyi; Niu, Yanbin; Hong, Tian; Zhang, Wenfang; Shu, Hua; Zhao, Jingjing
Phonemic mismatch negativity mediates the association between phoneme awareness and character reading ability in young Chinese children Journal Article
In: Neuropsychologia, pp. 108624, 2023.
@article{fan2023phonemic,
title = {Phonemic mismatch negativity mediates the association between phoneme awareness and character reading ability in young Chinese children},
author = {Tengwen Fan and Liming Zhang and Jianyi Liu and Yanbin Niu and Tian Hong and Wenfang Zhang and Hua Shu and Jingjing Zhao},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108624},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-15},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Neuropsychologia},
pages = {108624},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {Poor phonological awareness is associated with greater risk for reading disability. The underlying neural mechanism of such association may lie in the brain processing of phonological information. Lower amplitude of auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) has been associated with poor phonological awareness and with the presence of reading disability. The current study recorded auditory MMN to phoneme and lexical tone contrast with odd-ball paradigm and examined whether auditory MMN mediated the associations between phonological awareness and character reading ability through a three-year longitudinal study in 78 native Mandarin-speaking kindergarten children. Hierarchical linear regression and mediation analysis showed that the effect of phoneme awareness on the character reading ability was mediated by the phonemic MMN in young Chinese children. Findings underscore the key role of phonemic MMN for the underlying neurodevelopmental mechanism linking phoneme awareness and reading ability.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Yu, Heeseung; Han, Eunkyoung
People see what they want to see: an EEG study Journal Article
In: Cognitive Neurodynamics, pp. 1–15, 2023.
@article{yu2023people,
title = {People see what they want to see: an EEG study},
author = {Heeseung Yu and Eunkyoung Han},
url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11571-023-09982-8},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-13},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive Neurodynamics},
pages = {1–15},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {This study explored selective exposure and confirmation bias in the choices participants made about which political videos to watch, and whether their political positions changed after they watched videos that either agreed with or opposed their positions on two controversial issues in South Korea: North Korea policy and social welfare policy. The participants completed questionnaires before and after they watched the videos, were asked to select thumbnails of videos before they watched any, and had their brain wave activity measured through electroencephalogram (EEG) as they watched both types of videos. The participants demonstrated selective exposure as they primarily selected video thumbnails with content that matched their political orientations, and they demonstrated confirmation bias as their questionnaire responses after they watched the videos indicated that their positions had hardened. There were also statistically significant differences in alpha, beta, sensory motor rhythm, low beta, mid beta, and fast alpha activity depending on the political orientation consistency between the participants and the videos. Future studies could expand this line of research beyond college students and beyond Asia, and longitudinal work could also be conducted to determine if the obtained patterns remain constant over time.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ferrisi, Leonardo M
Optimizing an assistive Brain Computer Interface that uses Auditory Attention as Input Masters Thesis
2023.
@mastersthesis{ferrisi2023optimizing,
title = {Optimizing an assistive Brain Computer Interface that uses Auditory Attention as Input},
author = {Leonardo M Ferrisi},
url = {https://digitalworks.union.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3754&context=theses},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
abstract = {Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) allow individuals to operate technology using (typically consciously controllable) aspects of their brain activity. Auditory BCIs utilize principles of Auditory Event Related
Potentials or Auditory Evoked Potentials as a reproducible controllable features that individuals can use to operate a BCI. These Auditory BCIs in their most basic format can allow users to answer yes or no questions by listening to either one auditory stimuli or the other. Current accuracy in intended response detection for these kinds of BCIs can be as good as mean accuracy of 77 % [5]. BCI research tends to optimize the computer side of the system however the ease of use for the human operating the system is an important point of consideration as well. This research project aimed to determine what factors make a human operator able to achieve the highest accuracy using a given previously successfully demonstrated classifier. This research project primarily sought to answer the questions; to what degree people can improve their accuracy in operating an Auditory BCI and what factors of the stimulus used can be altered to achieve this. The results of this project, obtained through the data collected from six individuals, found that slower stimuli speeds for eliciting Auditory Event Related Potentials were significantly better at achieving higher prediction accuracies compared to faster stimulus speeds. The amount of time spent using the system appeared to result in diminishing returns in accuracy regardless of condition however not before an initial spike in greater classifier prediction accuracy for the second condition run on each subject. Although further research is needed to gain more conclusive evidence for or against the hypothesis, the results of this research may be able suggest that individuals can improve their performance using Auditory BCIs with practice at optimal parameters albeit within a given time frame before experiencing diminishing returns. These findings would stand to provide benefit both to continued research in making optimal non-invasive alternative communication technologies as well as making progress in finding the potential ceiling in accuracy that an Auditory BCI can have in interpreting brain activity for the intended action of the user},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {mastersthesis}
}
Demarest, Phillip; Rustamov, Nabi; Swift, James; Xie, Tao; Adamek, Markus; Cho, Hohyun; Wilson, Elizabeth; Han, Zhuangyu; Belsten, Alexander; Luczak, Nicholas; others,
A Novel Theta-Controlled Vibrotactile Brain-Computer Interface To Treat Chronic Pain: A Pilot Study Journal Article
In: 2023.
@article{demarest2023novel,
title = {A Novel Theta-Controlled Vibrotactile Brain-Computer Interface To Treat Chronic Pain: A Pilot Study},
author = {Phillip Demarest and Nabi Rustamov and James Swift and Tao Xie and Markus Adamek and Hohyun Cho and Elizabeth Wilson and Zhuangyu Han and Alexander Belsten and Nicholas Luczak and others},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2973437/v1},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-01},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
abstract = {Limitations in chronic pain therapies necessitate novel interventions that are effective, accessible, and safe. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a promising modality for targeting neuropathology underlying chronic pain by converting recorded neural activity into perceivable outputs. Recent evidence suggests that increased frontal theta power (4–7 Hz) reflects pain relief from chronic and acute pain. Further studies have suggested that vibrotactile stimulation decreases pain intensity in experimental and clinical models. This longitudinal, non-randomized, open-label pilot study's objective was to reinforce frontal theta activity in six patients with chronic upper extremity pain using a novel vibrotactile neurofeedback BCI system. Patients increased their BCI performance, reflecting thought-driven control of neurofeedback, and showed a significant decrease in pain severity and pain interference scores without any adverse events. Pain relief significantly correlated with frontal theta modulation. These findings highlight the potential of BCI-mediated cortico-sensory coupling of frontal theta with vibrotactile stimulation for alleviating chronic pain.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maffei, Luigi; Masullo, Massimiliano
Sens i-Lab: a key facility to expand the traditional approaches in experimental acoustics Journal Article
In: Institute of Noise Control Engineering, vol. 266, no. 2, pp. 134–140, 2023.
@article{maffei2023sens,
title = {Sens i-Lab: a key facility to expand the traditional approaches in experimental acoustics},
author = {Luigi Maffei and Massimiliano Masullo},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3397/NC_2023_0019},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-25},
urldate = {2023-01-01},
booktitle = {INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings},
journal = {Institute of Noise Control Engineering},
volume = {266},
number = {2},
pages = {134–140},
organization = {Institute of Noise Control Engineering},
abstract = {Recent advances in developing new tools and miniaturised devices to measure, analyse, model and simulate existing or future projects are more and more influencing the way to investigate and solve problems of various disciplines fostering deep changes in the research paradigms toward human-centred, multisensory and multidisciplinary approaches. In acoustics, beyond the negative effect of noise on individuals and its mitigation, researchers are even more interested in investigating how the complexity of the multisensory environment modulates the individuals' holistic experience. To this aim, the Department of the Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" has built the Sens i-Lab, a key facility integrating, in a single test room, the simulation and control of the physical environment (acoustics, vision, lighting, microclimate, IAQ) with advanced systems for simulation of virtual environments. To complement the simulation and control of the stimuli, the Sens i-Lab is equipped with a set of systems and devices for motion tracking, for the measurement of the biofeedback signals (EEG, EDA, HRV, VAF) and their association with environmental stimuli and self-reported psychological measures of people well-being. Taking advantage of the Sens i-Lab setting, new research fields and applications in acoustics are possible. Some of them are presented.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Chiossi, Francesco; Ou, Changkun; Mayer, Sven
In: 2023.
@article{chiossi2023exploring,
title = {Exploring Physiological Correlates of Visual Complexity Adaptation: Insights from EDA, ECG, and EEG Data for Adaptation Evaluation in VR Adaptive Systems},
author = {Francesco Chiossi and Changkun Ou and Sven Mayer},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francesco-Chiossi/publication/369033584_Exploring_Physiological_Correlates_of_Visual_Complexity_Adaptation_Insights_from_EDA_ECG_and_EEG_Data_for_Adaptation_Evaluation_in_VR_Adaptive_Systems/links/64064d5d0cf1030a567a05fb/Exploring-Physiological-Correlates-of-Visual-Complexity-Adaptation-Insights-from-EDA-ECG-and-EEG-Data-for-Adaptation-Evaluation-in-VR-Adaptive-Systems.pdf},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-04-23},
urldate = {2023-04-23},
abstract = {Physiologically-adaptive Virtual Reality can drive interactions and adjust virtual content to better fit users’ needs and support specific goals. However, the complexity of psychophysiological inference hinders efficient adaptation as the relationship between cognitive and physiological features rarely show one-to-one correspondence. Therefore, it is necessary to employ multimodal approaches to evaluate the effect of adaptations. In this work, we analyzed a multimodal dataset (EEG, ECG, and EDA) acquired during interaction with a VR-adaptive system that employed EDA as input for adaptation of secondary task difficulty. We evaluated the effect of dynamic adjustments on different physiological features and their correlation. Our results show that when the adaptive system increased the secondary task difficulty, theta, beta, and phasic EDA features increased. Moreover, we found a high correlation between theta, alpha, and beta oscillations during difficulty adjustments. Our results show how specific EEG and EDA features can be employed for evaluating VR adaptive systems.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
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