@article{godfrey2024investigation,

title = {An investigation of acute Physiological and Psychological Moderators of Psychedelic-induced Personality Change among Healthy Volunteers},

author = {Kate Godfrey and Brandon Weiss and Xinhu Zhang and Meg Spriggs and Joseph Peill and Taylor Lyons and Robin Carhart-Harris and David Erritzoe},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104092},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-02},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Neuroscience Applied},

pages = {104092},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {This study investigated the effects of a single high-dose of psilocybin on personality traits in psychedelic-naïve healthy volunteers. These data originate from a larger within-subjects fixed-order design trial, where a single high dose of psilocybin (25mg) was administered in a psychologically supportive setting and was compared against a (one-month) prior, 1mg ‘placebo’ dose. Personality shifts were assessed by the Big Five Inventory and the Big Five Aspect Scale, while the Altered States of Consciousness questionnaire (5D-ASC) and the Psychological Insight Scale gauged the acute psychological effects of the substance. Electroencephalography provided neurophysiological insights, specifically examining alpha power and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZc). Results indicated significant reductions in neuroticism one month after 25mg psilocybin administration, a finding consistent with prior studies. Reductions in neuroticism were moderated by the subjective meaningfulness of the psychedelic experience, as well as by the dread of ego dissolution subscale of the 5D-ASC, suggesting a relationship between acute drug effects and enduring personality alterations. Thus, this study substantiates the role of acute psychedelic states in catalysing lasting personality transformations in a generally beneficial direction, with broader implications for therapeutic applications and understanding of personality dynamics.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{busch2024monitoring,

title = {Monitoring Cortical and Neuromuscular Activity: Six-month Insights into Knee Joint Position Sense Following ACL Reconstruction},

author = {Aglaja Busch and Lorena RR Gianotti and Frank Mayer and Heiner Baur},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.124840},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-02},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy},

volume = {19},

number = {11},

pages = {1290},

abstract = {Background

Changes in cortical activation patterns after rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) have been described. However, evidence of these consequences in the early stages following the incident and through longitudinal monitoring is scarce. Further insights could prove valuable in informing evidence-based rehabilitation practices.



Purpose

To analyze the angular accuracy, neuromuscular, and cortical activity during a knee joint position sense (JPS) test over the initial six months following ACL reconstruction. Study design: Cohort Study



Methods

Twenty participants with ACL reconstruction performed a JPS test with both limbs. The measurement time points were approximately 1.5, 3-4 and 6 months after surgery, while 20 healthy controls were examined on a single occasion. The active JPS test was performed seated with a target angle of 50° for two blocks of continuous angular reproduction (three minutes per block). The reproduced angles were recorded simultaneously by an electrogoniometer. Neuromuscular activity of the quadriceps muscles during extension to the target angle was measured with surface electromyography. Spectral power for theta, alpha-2, beta-1 and beta-2 frequency bands were determined from electroencephalographic recordings. Linear mixed models were performed with group (ACL or controls), the measurement time point, and respective limb as fixed effect and each grouping per subject combination as random effect with random intercept.



Results

Significantly higher beta-2 power over the frontal region of interest was observed at the first measurement time point in the non-involved limb of the ACL group in comparison to the control group (p = 0.03). Despite individual variation, no other statistically significant differences were identified for JPS error, neuromuscular, or other cortical activity.



Conclusion

Variation in cortical activity between the ACL and control group were present, which is consistent with published results in later stages of rehabilitation. Both indicate the importance of a neuromuscular and neurocognitive focus in the rehabilitation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{gwon2024motor,

title = {Motor task-to-task transfer learning for motor imagery brain-computer interfaces},

author = {Daeun Gwon and Minkyu Ahn},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120906},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-28},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {NeuroImage},

pages = {120906},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Motor imagery (MI) is one of the popular control paradigms in the non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) field. MI-BCI generally requires users to conduct the imagination of movement (e.g., left or right hand) to collect training data for generating a classification model during the calibration phase. However, this calibration phase is generally time-consuming and tedious, as users conduct the imagination of hand movement several times without being given feedback for an extended period. This obstacle makes MI-BCI non user-friendly and hinders its use. On the other hand, motor execution (ME) and motor observation (MO) are relatively easier tasks, yield lower fatigue than MI, and share similar neural mechanisms to MI. However, few studies have integrated these three tasks into BCIs. In this study, we propose a new task-to-task transfer learning approach of 3-motor tasks (ME, MO, and MI) for building a better user-friendly MI-BCI. For this study, 28 subjects participated in 3-motor tasks experiment, and electroencephalography (EEG) was acquired. User opinions regarding the 3-motor tasks were also collected through questionnaire survey. The 3-motor tasks showed a power decrease in the alpha rhythm, known as event-related desynchronization, but with slight differences in the temporal patterns. In the classification analysis, the cross-validated accuracy (within-task) was 67.05 % for ME, 65.93 % for MI, and 73.16 % for MO on average. Consistently with the results, the subjects scored MI (3.16) as the most difficult task compared with MO (1.42) and ME (1.41), with p < 0.05. In the analysis of task-to-task transfer learning, where training and testing are performed using different task datasets, the ME–trained model yielded an accuracy of 65.93 % (MI test), which is statistically similar to the within-task accuracy (p > 0.05). The MO–trained model achieved an accuracy of 60.82 % (MI test). On the other hand, combining two datasets yielded interesting results. ME and 50 % of the MI–trained model (50-shot) classified MI with a 69.21 % accuracy, which outperformed the within-task accuracy (p < 0.05), and MO and 50 % of the MI–trained model showed an accuracy of 66.75 %. Of the low performers with a within-task accuracy of 70 % or less, 90 % (n = 21) of the subjects improved in training with ME, and 76.2 % (n = 16) improved in training with MO on the MI test at 50-shot. These results demonstrate that task-to-task transfer learning is possible and could be a promising approach to building a user-friendly training protocol in MI-BCI.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{jang2024enhancing,

title = {Enhancing Student Learning in Virtual Classrooms: Effects of Window View Content and Time of Day},

author = {Dajeong Jang and Han-Jong Kim and Kyungah Choi},

doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3476982},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-10-09},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Access},

publisher = {IEEE},

abstract = {As virtual classrooms, traditional physical classroom environments are transformed into flexible virtual environments, allowing customization of environmental elements to enhance student learning. This study explored the effects of window settings in virtual classrooms on learning experiences of students. Utilizing a within-subjects design, we simulated a virtual classroom environment with seven unique window settings and varied its view content (nature vs. urban) and time of day (daytime, sunset, and night). We also simulated a windowless condition. Thirty-five university students participated in the study and performed subjective evaluations and cognitive tasks. Moreover, their physiological responses were recorded using electroencephalogram measurements. The results indicated that environments with windows increased the perception of spaciousness and promoted a state of relaxed alertness, as evidenced by increased fast alpha brainwave activity. In contrast, settings without windows or with urban views increased the sense of presence. Daytime views positively affected valence, motivation, spaciousness, and concentration, whereas nighttime views were the least preferred. No significant differences were observed in cognitive task performance across the different conditions. These findings underscore the necessity of customizing virtual learning environments to meet individual user needs. By allowing students to adjust their virtual environments, educators and space designers can create more flexible and personalized virtual-reality educational spaces, ultimately improving learning outcomes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{harel2024task,

title = {Task-guided attention increases non-linearity of steady-state visually evoked potentials},

author = {Asaf Harel and Oren Shriki},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ad8032},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-26},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neural Engineering},

abstract = {Attention is a multifaceted cognitive process, with nonlinear dynamics playing a crucial role. In this study, we investigated the involvement of nonlinear processes in top-down visual attention by employing a contrast-modulated sequence of letters and numerals, encircled by a consistently flickering white square on a black background - a setup that generated steady-state visually evoked potentials. Nonlinear processes are recognized for eliciting and modulating the harmonics of constant frequencies. We examined the fundamental and harmonic frequencies of each stimulus to evaluate the underlying nonlinear dynamics during stimulus processing. In line with prior research, our findings indicate that the power spectrum density of EEG responses is influenced by both task presence and stimulus contrast. By utilizing the Rhythmic Entrainment Source Separation (RESS) technique, we discovered that actively searching for a target within a letter stream heightened the amplitude of the fundamental frequency and harmonics related to the background flickering stimulus. While the fundamental frequency amplitude remained unaffected by stimulus contrast, a lower contrast led to an increase in the second harmonic's amplitude. We assessed the relationship between the contrast response function and the nonlinear-based harmonic responses. Our findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the nonlinear processes impacting top-down visual attention while also providing insights into optimizing brain-computer interfaces.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cha2024effect,

title = {Effect of Electroencephalography-based Motor Imagery Neurofeedback on Mu Suppression During Motor Attempt in Patients with Stroke},

author = {Seungwoo Cha and Kyoung Tae Kim and Won Kee Chang and Nam-Jong Paik and Ji Soo Choi and Hyunmi Lim and Won-Seok Kim and Jeonghun Ku},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5106561/v1},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-09-26},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation },

abstract = {Objective

The primary aims of this study were to explore the neurophysiological effects of motor imagery neurofeedback using electroencephalography (EEG), specifically focusing on mu suppression during serial motor attempts and assessing its potential benefits in patients with subacute stroke.



Methods

A total of 15 patients with hemiplegia following subacute ischemic stroke were prospectively enrolled in this randomized cross-over study. This study comprised two experiments: neurofeedback and sham. Each experiment included four blocks: three blocks of resting, grasp, resting, and intervention, followed by one block of resting and grasp. During the resting sessions, the participants fixated on a white cross on a black background for 2 minutes without moving their upper extremities. In the grasp sessions, the participants were instructed to grasp and release their paretic hand at a frequency of about 1 Hz for 3 minutes while fixating on the same white cross. During the intervention sessions, neurofeedback involved presenting a punching image with the affected upper limb corresponding to the mu suppression induced by imagined movement, while the sham involved mu suppression of other randomly selected participants 3 minutes. EEG data were recorded during the experiment, and data from C3/C4 and P3/P4 were used for analyses to compare the degree of mu suppression between the neurofeedback and sham conditions.



Results

Significant mu suppression was observed in the bilateral motor and parietal cortices during the neurofeedback intervention compared with the sham condition across serial sessions (p < 0.001). Following neurofeedback, the real grasping sessions showed progressive strengthening of mu suppression in the ipsilesional motor cortex and bilateral parietal cortices compared to those following sham (p < 0.05), an effect not observed in the contralesional motor cortex.



Conclusion

Motor imagery neurofeedback significantly enhances mu suppression in the ipsilesional motor and bilateral parietal cortices during motor attempts in patients with subacute stroke. These findings suggest that motor imagery neurofeedback could serve as a promising adjunctive therapy to enhance motor-related cortical activity and support motor rehabilitation in patients with stroke.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{al2024disrupted,

title = {Disrupted brain functional connectivity as early signature in cognitively healthy individuals with pathological CSF amyloid/tau},

author = {Abdulhakim Al-Ezzi and Rebecca J Arechavala and Ryan Butler and Anne Nolty and Jimmy J Kang and Shinsuke Shimojo and Daw-An Wu and Alfred N Fonteh and Michael T Kleinman and Robert A Kloner and others},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-06673-w},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-08-23},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Communications Biology},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

pages = {1037},

publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK London},

abstract = {Alterations in functional connectivity (FC) have been observed in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with elevated amyloid (Aβ) and tau. However, it is not yet known whether directed FC is already influenced by Aβ and tau load in cognitively healthy (CH) individuals. A 21-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) was used from 46 CHs classified based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ tau ratio: pathological (CH-PAT) or normal (CH-NAT). Directed FC was estimated with Partial Directed Coherence in frontal, temporal, parietal, central, and occipital regions. We also examined the correlations between directed FC and various functional metrics, including neuropsychology, cognitive reserve, MRI volumetrics, and heart rate variability between both groups. Compared to CH-NATs, the CH-PATs showed decreased FC from the temporal regions, indicating a loss of relative functional importance of the temporal regions. In addition, frontal regions showed enhanced FC in the CH-PATs compared to CH-NATs, suggesting neural compensation for the damage caused by the pathology. Moreover, CH-PATs showed greater FC in the frontal and occipital regions than CH-NATs. Our findings provide a useful and non-invasive method for EEG-based analysis to identify alterations in brain connectivity in CHs with a pathological versus normal CSF Aβ/tau.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}