Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures the electrical activity of the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG can be used for various research applications, including studying brain function and activity, identifying neurological disorders, and investigating the effects of drugs or other interventions on brain activity. EEG is particularly useful for studying brain activity in real-time and identifying the timing and location of brain activity associated with specific cognitive processes or behaviors. It can also be used in clinical settings to diagnose and monitor neurological disorders such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and traumatic brain injuries. Additionally, EEG can be used to investigate the effects of various interventions, such as cognitive training or neurofeedback, on brain activity and function.
For surfers, catching the perfect wave can induce a state of pure ecstasy known as the “stoke”. But what’s happening in the brain during this ultimate ride? Wearable Sensing created a custom dry EEG system that measures brainwaves during surfing. They partnered with Red Bull to use this technology on professional surfers to uncover the neurophysiological aspects of surfing. The dry EEG system is worn on the head like a swimming cap, and it allows for the measurement of brain activity in real-time during surfing. By studying the brainwaves of surfers during their best rides, researchers hope to understand what goes on in the brain during moments of flow and peak performance, and ultimately unlock the secrets to achieving that elusive state of “stoke”.
In this study, wearable sensors and machine learning-based algorithms were used to predict hypoxia in-flight. The group used Wearable Sensing’s dry-EEG technology to collect sensor data from 85 participants during a two-phase study. Participants wore aviation flight masks, which regulated their oxygen intake while performing cognitive tests and simulated flying tasks. EEG data was collected and analyzed using principal component analysis and machine learning algorithms, including Naïve Bayes, decision tree, random forest, and neural network algorithms, to classify the data as normal or hypoxic. The results showed high sensitivity and specificity, indicating potential for developing a real-time, in-flight hypoxia detection system.
This paper proposes a protocol for assessing stress using wearable sensing technology, including Electroencephalography (EEG), Electrocardiography (ECG), and the Perceived Stress Scale, in combination with a Virtual Reality phobia induction setting. Wearable Sensing’s dry EEG technology is used to measure brain activity and investigate functional brain connectivity associated with stress. The proposed protocol can be expanded with the incorporation of machine learning algorithms for automatic stress level classification.
Matthews, Robert; McDonald, Neil J; Trejo, Leonard J
Psycho-Physiological Sensor Techniques: An Overview Journal Article
In: Foundations of augmented cognition, vol. 11, pp. 263–272, 2005.
@article{matthews2005psycho,
title = {Psycho-Physiological Sensor Techniques: An Overview},
author = {Robert Matthews and Neil J McDonald and Leonard J Trejo},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Leonard-Trejo/publication/266178283_Psycho-Physiological_Sensor_Techniques_An_Overview/links/5535a1650cf268fd0015e0cc/Psycho-Physiological-Sensor-Techniques-An-Overview.pdf},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Foundations of augmented cognition},
volume = {11},
pages = {263--272},
publisher = {Erlbaum Mahwah, NJ},
abstract = {Under the auspices of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Augmented Cognition
(AugCog) programme is striving to realize the unambiguous determination of the cognitive state via physiological
measurements. The basis of this programme is the assumption that as computing power continues to increase, the
exchange of information between computers and their human users is fundamentally limited by human information
processing capabilities, particularly when the users are fatigued or placed under stressful conditions such as those
present in warfare command environments. Knowledge of the cognitive state will enable the development of a
human-computer interface that adapts to optimize the processing of information by the user.
At present there is no direct measure of a subject’s cognitive state. However, it is possible to use psycho-physiological
techniques to infer the cognitive state, in which changes in physiological signals that are affected by the cognitive
state (e.g. electroencephalographic signals, variations in the heart rate or blood flow in the brain) are measured using
a suite of bioelectric and biophysical sensors, and then processed using sophisticated algorithms based upon
theoretical descriptions of the relationship between the cognitive state and the relevant physiological signals.
This paper will provide an overview of current psycho-physiological related research, quoting recent results from
groups working in the AugCog programme and elsewhere. The latest advancements in sensor technologies will be
reviewed in an effort to identify those physiological sensors that are most useful in determining the cognitive state,
with particular attention paid to the quality of information provided by the sensor and design elements such as the
degree of comfort for the human test subject, sensor power requirements, ease of use, and cost. The compatibility of
each sensor type with other technologies will also be assessed and a psycho-physiological integrated sensor suite,
incorporating those sensors identified as being best suited to the determination of the cognitive state, will be proposed.
},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Trejo, Leonard J; Wheeler, Kevin R; Jorgensen, Charles C; Rosipal, Roman; Clanton, Sam T; Matthews, Bryan; Hibbs, Andrew D; Matthews, Robert; Krupka, Michael
Multimodal neuroelectric interface development Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 199–203, 2003.
@article{trejo2003multimodal,
title = {Multimodal neuroelectric interface development},
author = {Leonard J Trejo and Kevin R Wheeler and Charles C Jorgensen and Roman Rosipal and Sam T Clanton and Bryan Matthews and Andrew D Hibbs and Robert Matthews and Michael Krupka},
doi = {10.1109/TNSRE.2003.814426},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {199--203},
publisher = {IEEE},
abstract = {We are developing electromyographic and electroencephalographic methods, which draw control signals for human-computer interfaces from the human nervous system. We have made progress in four areas: 1) real-time pattern recognition algorithms for decoding sequences of forearm muscle activity associated with control gestures; 2) signal-processing strategies for computer interfaces using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals; 3) a flexible computation framework for neuroelectric interface research; and d) noncontact sensors, which measure electromyogram or EEG signals without resistive contact to the body.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
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