Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique that measures the electrical activity of the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. EEG can be used for various research applications, including studying brain function and activity, identifying neurological disorders, and investigating the effects of drugs or other interventions on brain activity. EEG is particularly useful for studying brain activity in real-time and identifying the timing and location of brain activity associated with specific cognitive processes or behaviors. It can also be used in clinical settings to diagnose and monitor neurological disorders such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and traumatic brain injuries. Additionally, EEG can be used to investigate the effects of various interventions, such as cognitive training or neurofeedback, on brain activity and function.
For surfers, catching the perfect wave can induce a state of pure ecstasy known as the “stoke”. But what’s happening in the brain during this ultimate ride? Wearable Sensing created a custom dry EEG system that measures brainwaves during surfing. They partnered with Red Bull to use this technology on professional surfers to uncover the neurophysiological aspects of surfing. The dry EEG system is worn on the head like a swimming cap, and it allows for the measurement of brain activity in real-time during surfing. By studying the brainwaves of surfers during their best rides, researchers hope to understand what goes on in the brain during moments of flow and peak performance, and ultimately unlock the secrets to achieving that elusive state of “stoke”.
In this study, wearable sensors and machine learning-based algorithms were used to predict hypoxia in-flight. The group used Wearable Sensing’s dry-EEG technology to collect sensor data from 85 participants during a two-phase study. Participants wore aviation flight masks, which regulated their oxygen intake while performing cognitive tests and simulated flying tasks. EEG data was collected and analyzed using principal component analysis and machine learning algorithms, including Naïve Bayes, decision tree, random forest, and neural network algorithms, to classify the data as normal or hypoxic. The results showed high sensitivity and specificity, indicating potential for developing a real-time, in-flight hypoxia detection system.
This paper proposes a protocol for assessing stress using wearable sensing technology, including Electroencephalography (EEG), Electrocardiography (ECG), and the Perceived Stress Scale, in combination with a Virtual Reality phobia induction setting. Wearable Sensing’s dry EEG technology is used to measure brain activity and investigate functional brain connectivity associated with stress. The proposed protocol can be expanded with the incorporation of machine learning algorithms for automatic stress level classification.
Li, Lianyang; Pagnotta, Mattia F; Arakaki, Xianghong; Tran, Thao; Strickland, David; Harrington, Michael; Zouridakis, George
Brain activation profiles in mTBI: Evidence from combined resting-state EEG and MEG activity Conference
2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE IEEE, Milan, Italy, 2015, ISSN: 1558-4615.
@conference{li2015brain,
title = {Brain activation profiles in mTBI: Evidence from combined resting-state EEG and MEG activity},
author = {Lianyang Li and Mattia F Pagnotta and Xianghong Arakaki and Thao Tran and David Strickland and Michael Harrington and George Zouridakis},
doi = {10.1109/EMBC.2015.7319994},
issn = {1558-4615},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-11-05},
booktitle = {2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)},
pages = {6963--6966},
publisher = {IEEE},
address = {Milan, Italy},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {In this study, we compared the brain activation profiles obtained from resting state Electroencephalographic (EEG) and Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activity in six mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients and five orthopedic controls, using power spectral density (PSD) analysis. We first estimated intracranial dipolar EEG/MEG sources on a dense grid on the cortical surface and then projected these sources on a standardized atlas with 68 regions of interest (ROIs). Averaging the PSD values of all sources in each ROI across all control subjects resulted in a normative database that was used to convert the PSD values of mTBI patients into z-scores in eight distinct frequency bands. We found that mTBI patients exhibited statistically significant overactivation in the delta, theta, and low alpha bands. Additionally, the MEG modality seemed to better characterize the group of individual subjects. These findings suggest that resting-state EEG/MEG activation maps may be used as specific biomarkers that can help with the diagnosis of and assess the efficacy of intervention in mTBI patients.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Kohli, Siddharth; Casson, Alexander J
2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE Milan, Italy, 2015, ISSN: 1558-4615.
@conference{kohli2015towards,
title = {Towards out-of-the-lab EEG in uncontrolled environments: feasibility study of dry EEG recordings during exercise bike riding},
author = {Siddharth Kohli and Alexander J Casson},
doi = {10.1109/EMBC.2015.7318539},
issn = {1558-4615},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-11-05},
booktitle = {2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)},
pages = {1025--1028},
address = {Milan, Italy},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {Conventional EEG (electroencephalography) has relied on wet electrodes which require conductive gel to help the electrodes make contact with the scalp. In recent years many dry electrode EEG systems have become available that do not require this gel. As a result they are quicker and easier to set up, with the potential to record the the EEG in situations and environments where it has not previously been possible. This paper investigates the practicality of using dry EEG in new non-conventional recording situations. In particular it uses a dry EEG recording system to monitor the EEG while a subject is riding an exercise bike. The results show that good-quality EEG, free from high-amplitude motion artefacts, can be collected in this challenging motion rich environment. In the frequency domain a peak of activity is seen over the motor cortex (C4) at 23 Hz starting five minutes after the start of the exercise task, giving initial insights into the on-going operation of the brain during exercise},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Hairston, David W; Whitaker, Keith W; Ries, Anthony J; Vettel, Jean M; Bradford, Cortney J; Kerick, Scott E; McDowell, Kaleb
Usability of four commercially-oriented EEG systems Journal Article
In: Journal of Neural Engineering, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 046018, 2014.
@article{hairston2014usability,
title = {Usability of four commercially-oriented EEG systems},
author = {David W Hairston and Keith W Whitaker and Anthony J Ries and Jean M Vettel and Cortney J Bradford and Scott E Kerick and Kaleb McDowell},
url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2560/11/4/046018/meta},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-07-01},
journal = {Journal of Neural Engineering},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {046018},
publisher = {IOP Publishing},
abstract = {Electroencephalography (EEG) holds promise as a neuroimaging technology that can be used to understand how the human brain functions in real-world, operational settings while individuals move freely in perceptually-rich environments. In recent years, several EEG systems have been developed that aim to increase the usability of the neuroimaging technology in real-world settings. Here, the usability of three wireless EEG systems from different companies are compared to a conventional wired EEG system, BioSemi's ActiveTwo, which serves as an established laboratory-grade 'gold standard' baseline. The wireless systems compared include Advanced Brain Monitoring's B-Alert X10, Emotiv Systems' EPOC and the 2009 version of QUASAR's Dry Sensor Interface 10–20. The design of each wireless system is discussed in relation to its impact on the system's usability as a potential real-world neuroimaging system. Evaluations are based on having participants complete a series of cognitive tasks while wearing each of the EEG acquisition systems. This report focuses on the system design, usability factors and participant comfort issues that arise during the experimental sessions. In particular, the EEG systems are assessed on five design elements: adaptability of the system for differing head sizes, subject comfort and preference, variance in scalp locations for the recording electrodes, stability of the electrical connection between the scalp and electrode, and timing integration between the EEG system, the stimulus presentation computer and other external events.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McDonald, Neil J; Anumula, Harini A; Duff, Eric; Soussou, Walid
Noncontact ECG system for unobtrusive long-term monitoring Conference
2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE 2012, ISSN: 1557-170X.
@conference{mcdonald2012noncontact,
title = {Noncontact ECG system for unobtrusive long-term monitoring},
author = {Neil J McDonald and Harini A Anumula and Eric Duff and Walid Soussou},
doi = {10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346254},
issn = {1557-170X},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-11-12},
booktitle = {2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society},
pages = {1614--1618},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {This paper describes measurements made using an ECG system with QUASAR's capacitive bioelectrodes integrated into a pad system that is placed over a chair. QUASAR's capacitive bioelectrode has the property of measuring bioelectric potentials at a small separation from the body. This enables the measurement of ECG signals through fabric, without the removal of clothing or preparation of skin. The ECG was measured through the subject's clothing while the subject sat in the chair without any supporting action from the subject. The ECG pad system is an example of a high compliance system that places minimal requirements upon the subject and, consequently, can be used to generate a long-term record from ECG segments collected on a daily basis, providing valuable information on long-term trends in cardiac health.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Soussou, Walid; Rooksby, Michael; Forty, Charles; Weatherhead, James; Marshall, Sandra
EEG and eye-tracking based measures for enhanced training Conference
2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE 2012, ISSN: 1557-170X.
@conference{soussou2012eeg,
title = {EEG and eye-tracking based measures for enhanced training},
author = {Walid Soussou and Michael Rooksby and Charles Forty and James Weatherhead and Sandra Marshall},
doi = {10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346256},
issn = {1557-170X},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-11-12},
booktitle = {2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society},
pages = {1623--1626},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {This paper describes a project whose goal was to establish the feasibility of using unobtrusive cognitive assessment methodologies in order to optimize efficiency and expediency of training. QUASAR, EyeTracking, Inc. (ETI), and Safe Passage International (SPI), teamed to demonstrate correlation between EEG and eye-tracking based cognitive workload, performance assessment and subject expertise on XRay screening tasks. Results indicate significant correlation between cognitive workload metrics based on EEG and eye-tracking measurements recorded during a simulated baggage screening task and subject expertise and error rates in that same task. These results suggest that cognitive monitoring could be useful in improving training efficiency by enabling training paradigms that adapts to increasing expertise.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Slater, Jeremy D; Kalamangalam, Giridhar P; Hope, Omotola
Quality assessment of electroencephalography obtained from a “dry electrode” system Journal Article
In: Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol. 208, no. 2, pp. 134–137, 2012.
@article{slater2012quality,
title = {Quality assessment of electroencephalography obtained from a “dry electrode” system},
author = {Jeremy D Slater and Giridhar P Kalamangalam and Omotola Hope},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.05.011},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-07-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuroscience Methods},
volume = {208},
number = {2},
pages = {134--137},
publisher = {Elsevier},
abstract = {This study examines the difference in application times for routine electroencephalography (EEG) utilizing traditional electrodes and a “dry electrode” headset. The primary outcome measure was the time to interpretable EEG (TIE). A secondary outcome measure of recording quality and interpretability was obtained from EEG sample review by two blinded clinical neurophysiologists. With EEG samples obtained from 10 subjects, the average TIE for the “dry electrode” system was 139 s, and for the conventional recording 873 s (p < 0.001). The results support the hypothesis that such a “dry electrode” system can be applied with more than an 80% reduction in the TIE while still obtaining interpretable EEG.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McDonald, Neil J; Soussou, Walid
Quasar's qstates cognitive gauge performance in the cognitive state assessment competition 2011 Conference
2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE IEEE, 2011, ISSN: 1557-170X.
@conference{mcdonald2011quasar,
title = {Quasar's qstates cognitive gauge performance in the cognitive state assessment competition 2011},
author = {Neil J McDonald and Walid Soussou},
doi = {10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6091614},
issn = {1557-170X},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-12-01},
booktitle = {2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society},
pages = {6542--6546},
publisher = {IEEE},
organization = {IEEE},
abstract = {The Cognitive State Assessment Competition 2011 was organized by the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) to compare the performance of real-time cognitive state classification software. This paper presents results for QUASAR's data classification module, QStates, which is a software package for real-time (and off-line) analysis of physiologic data collected during cognitive-specific tasks. The classifier's methodology can be generalized to any particular cognitive state; QStates identifies the most salient features extracted from EEG signals recorded during different cognitive states or loads.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Estepp, Justin R; Monnin, Jason W; Christensen, James C; Wilson, Glenn F
Evaluation of a Dry Electrode System for Electroencephalography: Applications for Psychophysiological Cognitive Workload Assessment Journal Article
In: vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 210–214, 2010.
@article{estepp2010evaluation,
title = {Evaluation of a Dry Electrode System for Electroencephalography: Applications for Psychophysiological Cognitive Workload Assessment},
author = {Justin R Estepp and Jason W Monnin and James C Christensen and Glenn F Wilson},
doi = {First Published September 1, 2010 Research Article https://doi.org/10.1177/154193121005400305},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-09-01},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {210--214},
organization = {SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA},
abstract = {Advances in state-of-the-art dry electrode technology have led to the development of a novel dry electrode system for electroencephalography (QUASAR, Inc.; San Diego, California, USA). While basic systems-level testing and comparison of this dry electrode system to conventional wet electrode systems has proved to be very favorable, very limited data has been collected that demonstrates the ability of QUASAR's dry electrode system to replicate results produced in more applied, dynamic testing environments that may be used for human factors applications. In this study, QUASAR's dry electrode headset was used in combination with traditional wet electrodes to determine the ability of the dry electrode system to accurately differentiate between varying levels of cognitive workload. Results show that the accuracy in cognitive workload assessment obtained with wet electrodes is comparable to that obtained with the dry electrodes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Antonenko, Pavlo; Paas, Fred; Grabner, Roland; Gog, Tamara Van
Using Electroencephalography to Measure Cognitive Load Journal Article
In: Educational Psychology Review, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 425–438, 2010.
@article{antonenko2010using,
title = {Using Electroencephalography to Measure Cognitive Load},
author = {Pavlo Antonenko and Fred Paas and Roland Grabner and Tamara Van Gog},
doi = {dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10648-010-9130-y},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-04-29},
journal = {Educational Psychology Review},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {425--438},
publisher = {Springer},
abstract = {Application of physiological methods, in particular electroencephalography (EEG), offers new and promising approaches to educational psychology research. EEG is identified as a physiological index that can serve as an online, continuous measure of cognitive load detecting subtle fluctuations in instantaneous load, which can help explain effects of instructional interventions when measures of overall cognitive load fail to reflect such differences in cognitive processing. This paper presents a review of seminal literature on the use of continuous EEG to measure cognitive load and describes two case studies on learning from hypertext and multimedia that employed EEG methodology to collect and analyze cognitive load data.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fielder, James
Electroencephalogram (EEG) Study of Learning Effects across Addition Problems Technical Report
PEBL Technical Report Series 2010.
@techreport{fielder2010electroencephalogram,
title = {Electroencephalogram (EEG) Study of Learning Effects across Addition Problems},
author = {James Fielder},
url = {http://www.quasarusa.com/pdf/Fielder_2010_EEG%20Study%20of%20Learning%20Effects%20across%20Addition%20Problems.pdf},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
institution = {PEBL Technical Report Series},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {techreport}
}
Please fill out the form and provide a brief description of your application so we can help match you with products that will meet your specific needs.
Please fill out the form and provide a brief description of your application so we can help match you with products that will meet your specific needs.
Please fill out the form and provide a brief description of your application so we can help match you with products that will meet your specific needs.